Hermann Rorschach was a Swiss Bleulerian-influenced psychoanalytic psychiatrist, best known for developing what is today referred to as the Rorschach-Test. Though the instrument has been administered, scored, and interpreted with a multitude of disparate methods since its inception, the plates and procedure were designed by Rorschach to provide not only a diagnostic profile of the examinee, but also as a means of differentiation between neurotic disorders, psychotic disorders, and otherwise normative mental health functioning. In the test session, individuals are exposed to each plate and asked to report what the image in front of them might be.
Rorschach was born in Zürich, Switzerland, the eldest of three children born to Ulrich Rorschach.Hermann Rorschach was a Swiss Bleulerian-influenced psychoanalytic psychiatrist, best known for developing what is today referred to as the Rorschach-Test. Though the instrument has been administered, scored, and interpreted with a multitude of disparate methods since its inception, the plates and procedure were designed by Rorschach to provide not only a diagnostic profile of the examinee, but also as a means of differentiation between neurotic disorders, psychotic disorders, and otherwise normative mental health functioning. In the test session, individuals are exposed to each plate and asked to report what the image in front of them might be.
Rorschach was born in Zürich, Switzerland, the eldest of three children born to Ulrich Rorschach. Rorschach's father, an art teacher, encouraged him to express himself creatively through painting and drawing conventional pictures. As the time of his high school graduation approached, he could not decide between a career in art and one in science. He wrote a letter to the famous German biologist Ernst Haeckel asking his advice. The scientist suggested science, and Rorschach enrolled in medical school at the University of Zurich. Rorschach also began learning Russian, and in 1906, while studying in Berlin, he traveled to Russia for a holiday.
Rorschach studied under the eminent psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who had taught Carl Jung. The excitement in intellectual circles over psychoanalysis constantly reminded Rorschach of his childhood inkblots. Wondering why different people often saw entirely different things in the same inkblots, he began, while still a medical student, showing inkblots to schoolchildren and analyzing their responses. Rorschach graduated in medicine at Zurich in 1909 and at the same time became engaged to Olga Stempelin, a girl from Kazan (in the present-day Republic of Tatarstan, Russia).
At the end of 1913, after graduation, he married Stempelin, and the couple moved to live in Russia. The following year, he moved back to Switzerland and became a resident at Waldau Psychiatric University, while awaiting the arrival of his wife, who had been temporarily detained in Russia. A daughter named Elizabeth was born in 1917 and a son, Wadin, in 1919. By 1915, he had accepted a position as associate director at a regional psychiatric hospital, the Herisau Asylum, and it was here, in 1921, that he wrote his book Psychodiagnostik, which was to form the basis of the inkblot test.
Only one year after writing his book, however, Rorschach died of peritonitis, probably resulting from a ruptured appendix. He was still Associate Director of the Herisau Hospital when he died at the age of 37, on 2 April 1922.