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Xenophon's Socratic Discourse An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus, with a New, Literal Translation of the Oeconomicus

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Xenophon's only true Socratic discourse, the Oeconomicus is a dialogue between Socrates and a gentleman-farmer on the art of household management and the art of farming as practiced on a gentleman's estate. It is generally acknowledged to be the oldest surviving work devoted to "economics" and it constitutes the classic statement of "economic" thought in ancient Greece. This book offers a new, literal translation of the discourse by Carnes Lord, followed by a detailed commaentary by the well-known political theorist Leo Strauss.

211 pages, Hardcover

First published April 28, 1971

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About the author

Leo Strauss

149 books353 followers
Leo Strauss was a 20th century German-American scholar of political philosophy. Born in Germany to Jewish parents, Strauss later emigrated from Germany to the United States. He spent much of his career as a professor of political science at the University of Chicago, where he taught several generations of students and published fifteen books.
Trained in the neo-Kantian tradition with Ernst Cassirer and immersed in the work of the phenomenologists Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, Strauss authored books on Baruch Spinoza and Thomas Hobbes, and articles on Maimonides and Al-Farabi. In the late 1930s, his research focused on the texts of Plato and Aristotle, retracing their interpretation through medieval Islamic and Jewish philosophy, and encouraging the application of those ideas to contemporary political theory.

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Displaying 1 - 5 of 5 reviews
Profile Image for the_deepest_black.
236 reviews6 followers
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November 16, 2022
"Wielka Tradycja filozofii politycznej zaczyna się od Sokratesa. Jego znaczenie upatruje się zwykle w pominięciu problemu natury i całkowitej koncentracji na badaniu kwestii etycznych" (13).
"Jak wiemy, Sokratesa zajmowała wyłącznie etyka i polityka, cnota i państwo, a kategoria 'szlachectwa' skupia w sobie właściwie wszystkie wątki o charakterze etycznym i politycznym" (65).
"Najbardziej fundamentalna z nauk Sokratesa, wykraczająca poza kontekst spraw ludzkich, dotyczy porządku całego wszechświata, porządku przynoszącego ludziom korzyść i mającego u swych źródeł boskie oikonomein" (86). "Sprawy ludzkie - jak sugeruje Ksenofont, mówiąc, że Sokrates nigdy nie zaprzestał dociekać istoty wszystkiego - nie stanowiły jedynej interesującej go kwestii. [...] Fakt, że Sokrates nie zajmował się wyłącznie sprawami ludzkimi wynika dostatecznie jasno z jego teleoteologii, bez względu na problematyczność tej koncepcji" (87).

"Sokratesowi chodzi przypuszczalnie o to, że wolny człowiek nie potrzebuje innej zachęty do działania niż wiedza, zatem cnota jest wiedza i tylko wiedzą. Lub inaczej: widza przezwycięża wszelkie przeszkody" (31).

"Uważa, że im bliżej boskości znajduje się człowiek, tym mniej posiada potrzeb" (35).

"Sąd ironiczny ma przynajmniej dwa znaczenia. Jedno nieprawdziwe i dosłowne, w którym niewtajemniczeni upatrują rzeczywistej opinii mówiącego. Drugie prawdziwe i ukryte, które faktycznie wyraża jego pogląd. Różnicy pomiędzy znaczeniem jawnym a ukrytym nie należy mylić z rozróżnieniem na sens wysoki i potoczny, wszak oba mogą mieć charakter jawny" (48).

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179 reviews13 followers
August 30, 2021
Margot Todd brought me to Oeconomicus when she cited it as one of the basic texts read by Christian Humanists and Puritans. The Socratic dialogue explores the contours of a well ordered household and the people who run it- the gentleman, his wife, and their servants. It is a deceptively simple read that could come off as a self-help book, but I think Xenophon was trying to communicate the importance of orderliness in daily life and all its deeper implications.

Equally important to the gentleman is the character of Socrates himself. Strauss' scholarship draws brilliant connections to Xenophon's other texts to give the reader a better understanding of Socrates and his own virtues. The question I am left with is whether Socrates was a gentleman.

All in all, Oeconomicus is a forgotten essential and Leo Strauss is a capable scholar who brings it to life.
Profile Image for Emily Tuggle.
17 reviews
May 12, 2025
My biggest takeaway: Teaching is the drawing out and knitting together of knowledge through questioning.
Profile Image for Colin Cordner.
12 reviews5 followers
June 16, 2016
Both Xenophon's dialogue and Strauss' commentary are worth reading and contemplating, though though Strauss vacillates between insight, subtle rhetoric, unnecessary pedantry, and non-sequitur.
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