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Artificial Parthenogenesis and Fertilization
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1913 ...cells are impermeable for all strong bases (NaOH, KOH, tetraethylammoniumhydroxide) while they are permeable for weak bases like NH4OH or the amines.2 The bases as well as the acids must be able to diffuse into the egg in order to cause artificial parthenogenesis.3 3. When a trace of KCN is added to the alkaline solution its effect is diminished and the eggs must either remain longer in the alkaline solution or longer in the hypertonic solution in order to produce larvae. In former experiments on the unfertilized eggs of Strongylocentrotus the writer could show that the parthenogenetic effects (as well as the destructive effects) of NaOH can be inhibited if the solution is deprived of oxygen. 4. If the eggs of Arbacia are treated with alkali alone, without being afterward submitted to a treatment with a hypertonic solution, they may form fine gelatinous surface films (membranes) and begin to develop, but they will then disintegrate. To 50 c.c. m/2 (NaCl+KCl+CaCl2) were added 0.3 c.c. N/10 NH4OH, 0.3 c.c. N/10 NaOH, and 0.3 c.c. N/10 tetraethylammoniumhydroxide respectively. Unfertilized eggs of Arbacia were put into these three solutions for forty-two minutes and then transferred to normal sea-water. All of the eggs that had been in the solution containing the NH4OH segmented in a rather amoeboid way into two or four cells, after which the cells fell apart and disintegrated. All of the eggs that had been in 50 c.c. m/2 (NaCl+KCl+CaCl2)+0.3 c.c. N/10 NaOH for forty-two minutes remained practically intact and the same was true for the eggs that had been in the tetraethylammoniumhydroxide for forty-two minutes. In order to make sure that they did not only appear normal but were normal, sperm was added to these eggs the next morning. All those that had been in ...
88 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1909
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About the author
Jacques Loeb
96 books10 followersJacques Loeb (April 7, 1859 – February 11, 1924) was a German-born American physiologist and biologist.
Loeb was educated at the universities of Berlin, Munich, and Strasburg (M.D. 1884). He took postgraduate courses at the universities of Strasburg and Berlin, and in 1886 became assistant at the physiological institute of the University of Würzburg, remaining there till 1888. In a similar capacity, he then went to Strasburg University. During his vacations he pursued biological researches, at Kiel in 1888, and at Naples in 1889 and 1890.
In 1892 he was called to the University of Chicago as assistant professor of physiology and experimental biology, becoming associate professor in 1895, and professor of physiology in 1899. John B. Watson (the "father of Behaviorism") was a student of Loebs neurology classes at University of Chicago. In 1902 he was called to fill a similar chair at the University of California.
In 1910 Loeb moved to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York, where he headed a department created for him. He remained at Rockefeller (now Rockefeller University) until his death. Throughout most of these years Loeb spent his summers at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, performing experiments on various marine invertebrates. It was there that Jacques Loeb performed his most famous experiment, on artificial parthenogenesis. Loeb was able to cause the eggs of sea urchins to begin embryonic development without sperm. This was achieved by slight chemical modifications of the water in which the eggs were kept, which served as the stimulus for the development to begin.
Loeb became one of the most famous scientists in America, widely covered in newspapers and magazines. He was the model for the character of Max Gottlieb in Sinclair Lewis's Pulitzer-winning novel Arrowsmith, the first great work of fiction to idealize and idolize pure science. Mark Twain also wrote an essay titled "Dr. Loeb's Incredible Discovery", which urges the reader not to support a rigid general consensus, but instead be open to new scientific advances.
Loeb was nominated many times for the Nobel Prize but never won.
His younger brother Leo also emigrated to the United States where he became a noted pathologist.
The main subjects of Loeb's work were:
Animal tropisms and their relation to the instincts of animals
Heteromorphosis, the replacement of an injured or removed organ by a different organ
Toxic and antitoxic effects of ions
Artificial parthenogenesis
Hybridization of the eggs of sea-urchins by the sperm of starfish
More: http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycw...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/t...
Loeb was educated at the universities of Berlin, Munich, and Strasburg (M.D. 1884). He took postgraduate courses at the universities of Strasburg and Berlin, and in 1886 became assistant at the physiological institute of the University of Würzburg, remaining there till 1888. In a similar capacity, he then went to Strasburg University. During his vacations he pursued biological researches, at Kiel in 1888, and at Naples in 1889 and 1890.
In 1892 he was called to the University of Chicago as assistant professor of physiology and experimental biology, becoming associate professor in 1895, and professor of physiology in 1899. John B. Watson (the "father of Behaviorism") was a student of Loebs neurology classes at University of Chicago. In 1902 he was called to fill a similar chair at the University of California.
In 1910 Loeb moved to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York, where he headed a department created for him. He remained at Rockefeller (now Rockefeller University) until his death. Throughout most of these years Loeb spent his summers at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, performing experiments on various marine invertebrates. It was there that Jacques Loeb performed his most famous experiment, on artificial parthenogenesis. Loeb was able to cause the eggs of sea urchins to begin embryonic development without sperm. This was achieved by slight chemical modifications of the water in which the eggs were kept, which served as the stimulus for the development to begin.
Loeb became one of the most famous scientists in America, widely covered in newspapers and magazines. He was the model for the character of Max Gottlieb in Sinclair Lewis's Pulitzer-winning novel Arrowsmith, the first great work of fiction to idealize and idolize pure science. Mark Twain also wrote an essay titled "Dr. Loeb's Incredible Discovery", which urges the reader not to support a rigid general consensus, but instead be open to new scientific advances.
Loeb was nominated many times for the Nobel Prize but never won.
His younger brother Leo also emigrated to the United States where he became a noted pathologist.
The main subjects of Loeb's work were:
Animal tropisms and their relation to the instincts of animals
Heteromorphosis, the replacement of an injured or removed organ by a different organ
Toxic and antitoxic effects of ions
Artificial parthenogenesis
Hybridization of the eggs of sea-urchins by the sperm of starfish
More: http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycw...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/t...
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