What do you think?
Rate this book
La guida completa ai chakra. Manuale di base per bilanciare, guarire e sbloccare i chakra, per il benessere e l'energia positiva
Lo scopo di questo libro è quello di insegnarti ciò che c'è da sapere sui chakra, o centri energetici, che si trovano all'interno del corpo umano e accanto ad esso. In sanscrito chakra significa «ruota». Questa traduzione suggerisce il movimento rotatorio, circolare di ciascun centro energetico, che in ogni istante riceve e trasmette simultaneamente informazioni da te e verso di te. Ma perché i chakra sono così importanti, e perché costituiscono il fulcro dell'insegnamento spirituale sin dall'antichità? La risposta è semplice: i chakra sono i punti dove l'energia si concentra all'interno del corpo fisico e accanto a esso. È importante studiarli perché sono i vortici di energia del nostro corpo; essi determinano dove, come e per quale motivo l'energia scorre nel corpo fisico e nel corpo eterico (ovvero, il primo strato dell'aura o campo energetico dell'essere umano).
208 pages, Paperback
Published June 12, 2019
613 people are currently reading
822 people want to read
About the author
Athena Perrakis
17 books45 followersAthena Perrakis is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Sage Goddess, the world’s largest source of sacred tools and metaphysical education. Each week, Sage Goddess reaches almost two million people across the globe, on every continent and in more than 60 countries. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Southern California in educational leadership, and has 15 years of experience as a professor, corporate trainer and consultant, and educator. Athena has traveled the globe and worked with CEOs and senior executives from the Fortune 50 companies. But her metaphysical experience, in which her current work is largely rooted, spans more than 30 years. During that time, she has become an expert in gemology, astrology, Tarot, aromatherapy, Reiki, and herbal medicine. Her Etsy shop was the first online metaphysical storefront to reach the Top 10 stores in the handmade category around the world. Today, there are more than 3000 products available through SageGoddess.com – everything from essential oils and ritual perfumes to candles, jewelry, gemstones in every form, home decor, clothing, body art and temporary tattoos, canvas art, and more.
Athena’s work with Sage Goddess centers on the concept of a truly holistic spiritual practice, one in which every person who discovers her work can truly find themselves. She believes that all paths lead us Home, to our Source Creator, and she teaches that all creation myths and stories are ‘true’ insofar as they are echoes of ancient narratives. Athena herself descends from a lineage of Mediterranean and Native American healers. This union of sacred cultures and practices, fused with her training in mythology and western civilization, is the basis for her teachings, which explore the intersections of legends and traditions to find collective common threads. She embodies the Divine Feminine mysteries, giving tangible form to the ethereal realm of goddesses and medicine women. Through her writing, online courses, and material offerings, Athena helps others cultivate and maintain sacred space in their lives for peace, healing, and abundance.
Her guiding philosophy is that those who develop and maintain a consistent and sustainable spiritual practice – one that aligns with their own cultural values and spiritual beliefs – will enjoy a longer, healthier, and happier life. To that end, her mantra “Held to a higher standard, bathed in a different light” reminds people that they are accountable for their thoughts, actions, and interactions. Those who believe and stay both faithful and authentic will experience a different peace; from there, all things are possible and unfold effortlessly in perfect time.
Athena’s work with Sage Goddess centers on the concept of a truly holistic spiritual practice, one in which every person who discovers her work can truly find themselves. She believes that all paths lead us Home, to our Source Creator, and she teaches that all creation myths and stories are ‘true’ insofar as they are echoes of ancient narratives. Athena herself descends from a lineage of Mediterranean and Native American healers. This union of sacred cultures and practices, fused with her training in mythology and western civilization, is the basis for her teachings, which explore the intersections of legends and traditions to find collective common threads. She embodies the Divine Feminine mysteries, giving tangible form to the ethereal realm of goddesses and medicine women. Through her writing, online courses, and material offerings, Athena helps others cultivate and maintain sacred space in their lives for peace, healing, and abundance.
Her guiding philosophy is that those who develop and maintain a consistent and sustainable spiritual practice – one that aligns with their own cultural values and spiritual beliefs – will enjoy a longer, healthier, and happier life. To that end, her mantra “Held to a higher standard, bathed in a different light” reminds people that they are accountable for their thoughts, actions, and interactions. Those who believe and stay both faithful and authentic will experience a different peace; from there, all things are possible and unfold effortlessly in perfect time.
Ratings & Reviews
Friends & Following
Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
Community Reviews
Displaying 1 - 30 of 44 reviews
September 15, 2018
This a fantastic beginner's guide to chakras with over a dozen divination and predictive techniques. There's a step by step guide to each of the common chakras including how to spot when they are blocked, how to unblock and what scents and crystals work with each one. Plus so much more. It's very informative and even though for beginners I've got some knowledge and still felt there was something in here that I could learn from.
It's a brilliant book and a must read for anyone starting on their spiritual journey
It's a brilliant book and a must read for anyone starting on their spiritual journey
July 28, 2019
Came to this with an open mind and a great desire to understand chakras better, but felt like this veered more toward the “you go girl!!” school of self-help than an earnest attempt to actually lay a meaningful foundation for a beginner. There’s an incredible mishmash of mythologies deployed, with very inconsistent explanations for the goddesses themselves, let alone why those specific ones represent what I’m told they represent. (How, when we get to goddesses of the third eye chakra, am I to understand why “interestingly, in the domain of intuition...only three goddesses emerge as our guides on this sacred journey: Pythia, Circe, and Hecate.” “Interesting” indeed - who picked these three, why, and why are there no others? Why does my girl Ishtar show up in goddess explanations for three different chakras, all with a slightly different description of who she is and what she’s about? Who is this Quan Yin who also represents two chakras, and why isn’t she worth actually introducing me to, if you’re gonna explain Ishtar three times?)
But there’s really no attempt to cite the reasoning for anything anywhere in here - the associated crystals, herbs, oils, mantras, etc., so if I wanted to understand any of the chosen associations better, I’m quite on my own; you have to go into this “beginners” guide already on board with the full panoply of cosmologies that might be referenced arbitrarily on any given page (angels, Synergy 12 crystals, ancestral karma, Yuletide fun for one of the tea/wine mulling recipes provided, etc.). No recommendations for further study, other than I guess joining the author’s Facebook group?
The gender pronouns used led me to occasionally believe the author is aware she should not be speaking to a purely female audience, but it’s a token effort; for sure there are centuries of gendered power imbalances to rectify, but it’s also written so girl power and goddess heavy that it’s a little tough to remember that there are ANY masculine energies beyond those emanating from the solar plexus. Editing felt a little sloppy, more focused on the visual effect of blocks of text on the page than the actual flow of the text itself.
Overall **effect**, unfortunately, is that this energy system isn’t worthy of thoughtful explanation, but rather that it can be reduced to exclamation pointed empowerment meditations for use in suburban lady yoga classes (which is not to say that suburban ladies cannot mindfully practice yoga, simply that this seems like a trendy ab-toning urban outfitters-y approach to something way deeper). It’s a bummer, because I do think there’s an awful lot to explore and understand, with reverence, and I think there’s an audience that doesn’t need it simmered down in such a saccharine manner.
But there’s really no attempt to cite the reasoning for anything anywhere in here - the associated crystals, herbs, oils, mantras, etc., so if I wanted to understand any of the chosen associations better, I’m quite on my own; you have to go into this “beginners” guide already on board with the full panoply of cosmologies that might be referenced arbitrarily on any given page (angels, Synergy 12 crystals, ancestral karma, Yuletide fun for one of the tea/wine mulling recipes provided, etc.). No recommendations for further study, other than I guess joining the author’s Facebook group?
The gender pronouns used led me to occasionally believe the author is aware she should not be speaking to a purely female audience, but it’s a token effort; for sure there are centuries of gendered power imbalances to rectify, but it’s also written so girl power and goddess heavy that it’s a little tough to remember that there are ANY masculine energies beyond those emanating from the solar plexus. Editing felt a little sloppy, more focused on the visual effect of blocks of text on the page than the actual flow of the text itself.
Overall **effect**, unfortunately, is that this energy system isn’t worthy of thoughtful explanation, but rather that it can be reduced to exclamation pointed empowerment meditations for use in suburban lady yoga classes (which is not to say that suburban ladies cannot mindfully practice yoga, simply that this seems like a trendy ab-toning urban outfitters-y approach to something way deeper). It’s a bummer, because I do think there’s an awful lot to explore and understand, with reverence, and I think there’s an audience that doesn’t need it simmered down in such a saccharine manner.
July 17, 2019
“The Ultimate Guide to Chakras” by Athena Perrakis addresses the nine major power centers connecting your physical body and the world of energy, explaining how to tap into each for better balance and healing. Each chapter presents helpful exercises for accessing chakra-related energy, with supports such as meditations and journal exercises. Highly recommended!
Pub Date 04 Sep 2018
Thanks to Quarto Publishing Group – Fair Winds Press and NetGalley for the review copy. Opinions are fully mine.
#TheUltimateGuideToChakras #NetGalley
Pub Date 04 Sep 2018
Thanks to Quarto Publishing Group – Fair Winds Press and NetGalley for the review copy. Opinions are fully mine.
#TheUltimateGuideToChakras #NetGalley
September 1, 2018
This is certainly the most engaging and comprehensive book about chakras that I've read -- it even talks about the earth star and soul star chakras which are not typically covered in other related literature.
The artwork and layout are beautiful, there are exercises to help integrate knowledge about chakras or to discover more about them through personal experience, activations, and guided meditations. There is additional research about how chakras can be found in other literature (for example, associated godesses to a particular chakra don't all come from the Hindu religion) and their associated gemstones, herbs, essential oils, and more.
What would make this book five stars for me is if the book had information about closing one's chakras as a form of energetic protection. Some people believe that having chakras in different points of the body actually weakens a person's energetic system, so I would have appreciated additional insight on this.
Thanks to Netgalley for providing me with a Digital Advance Reader Copy in exchange for an honest review.
The artwork and layout are beautiful, there are exercises to help integrate knowledge about chakras or to discover more about them through personal experience, activations, and guided meditations. There is additional research about how chakras can be found in other literature (for example, associated godesses to a particular chakra don't all come from the Hindu religion) and their associated gemstones, herbs, essential oils, and more.
What would make this book five stars for me is if the book had information about closing one's chakras as a form of energetic protection. Some people believe that having chakras in different points of the body actually weakens a person's energetic system, so I would have appreciated additional insight on this.
Thanks to Netgalley for providing me with a Digital Advance Reader Copy in exchange for an honest review.
July 7, 2019
A great introductory book.
June 20, 2020
chakra comes from the sanskrit word “wheel” or “disk,” and chakras are believed to be circular energy centers. each person has 7 charkas throughout their body, running from the base of their tailbone to the crown of their head. they are aligned vertically on a column of light called “sushumna” and flow upward to the heavens above.
•
some believe chakra energy flows like a river and if one is blocked, the flow of the higher chakras can become blocked as well. this book outlines each of our body’s 7 energy centers, what they represent and how we can find alignment within ourselves to ultimately reach spiritual ascension and unite with the divine.
•
i really love how it lists gemstones and herbs for each charka and ways to “unblock” each. highly recommend!
•
some believe chakra energy flows like a river and if one is blocked, the flow of the higher chakras can become blocked as well. this book outlines each of our body’s 7 energy centers, what they represent and how we can find alignment within ourselves to ultimately reach spiritual ascension and unite with the divine.
•
i really love how it lists gemstones and herbs for each charka and ways to “unblock” each. highly recommend!
May 9, 2019
Again the type is so tiny it make reading unenjoyable. I should have bought kindle version but I love the illustrations and cover of this book.
September 9, 2018
Today I'm reviewing The Ultimate Guide to Chakras - The Beginner's Guide to Balancing, Healing, and Unblocking Your Chakras for Health and Positive Energy by Athena Perrakis, Ph.D. Founder of Sage Goddess.
Disclaimer: I am going to preface this review with the following statement. I do not practice Wicca. I am not a priestess nor do I claim any religious affiliation. I identify as an atheist witch and my review of any pagan/witchcraft books is presented from this point of view.
This is a nicely produced book. The pages are large the print is a great size and the images are fantastic. I love the switch between the illustrations which I will share a couple with you, and the photos. The Illustration is credited to Roberta Orpwood. She is an extraordinary artist. You can find her on art work at Etsy, Instagram, and Facebook.
The photos are really well done too. Too many times authors overlook the importance of including complementing imagery along with their content. This is not the case with this book. Each page brightly colored page pulled me into the book, and I was happy to go. Of course I flipped quickly to the back of the book to look for my favorite part, the index. This book includes a full index with several cross references to help you locate exactly what you're looking for.
The book is broken down in sections dedicated to each chakra. Reflection questions get you in a good frame of mind to begin the study with a table provided with correspondences for each chakra. To me, the most interesting part was the Goddess associated with the chakra. This was my first exposure to Hecate being connected to the Third Eye Chakra. (pg. 135 & 137). The Third Eye Chakra is associated with intuition and clarity. I particularly like the incantation at the end of the section that reads:
"Oracle Goddesses and Goddesses of the Third Sight, illuminate me with your wisdom and your visions. I give thanks for your guidance. Amen, A'ho, So it is."
As a reader I find myself asking for a similar gift while working with my client's submissions. At times reading can be a challenge when you allow the distractions of the world to seep in. I have called upon Hecate often when scrying for guidance. This chapter (as in all of the others) moves on to discuss the essential oils and herbs of the chakra. Two of my favorite stones all into the third eye, which again, was a surprise to me - Labradorite and Lapis Lazuli. There are oil recipes as well as exercises to activate the chakras, I could go on for hours about everything in this book but my favorite has to be the mantras that are included. On page 148 the author tells us that in Sanskrit, Wah yantee is translated as "wisdom of infinity". I was able to locate a video that uses this is mantra and have placed it on my blog. www.confessionsofamodernwitch.com
The mantra is:
Wah yantee kar yantee, jag dut patee, aadak it waha, brahmaday trayshaa guroo, it wahay guroo
Translation
Great Macroself, Creative Self. All that is creative through time, all that is the Great One. Three aspects of God: Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh. That is Wahe Guru.*
*credit to http://www.lizzcohoon.com/blog/mantra... for the translation and video link*
Over all I think this is a great book to have in your library. The attention to detail, the amazing artwork and of course that index is enough to give this book five stars!
Disclaimer: I am going to preface this review with the following statement. I do not practice Wicca. I am not a priestess nor do I claim any religious affiliation. I identify as an atheist witch and my review of any pagan/witchcraft books is presented from this point of view.
This is a nicely produced book. The pages are large the print is a great size and the images are fantastic. I love the switch between the illustrations which I will share a couple with you, and the photos. The Illustration is credited to Roberta Orpwood. She is an extraordinary artist. You can find her on art work at Etsy, Instagram, and Facebook.
The photos are really well done too. Too many times authors overlook the importance of including complementing imagery along with their content. This is not the case with this book. Each page brightly colored page pulled me into the book, and I was happy to go. Of course I flipped quickly to the back of the book to look for my favorite part, the index. This book includes a full index with several cross references to help you locate exactly what you're looking for.
The book is broken down in sections dedicated to each chakra. Reflection questions get you in a good frame of mind to begin the study with a table provided with correspondences for each chakra. To me, the most interesting part was the Goddess associated with the chakra. This was my first exposure to Hecate being connected to the Third Eye Chakra. (pg. 135 & 137). The Third Eye Chakra is associated with intuition and clarity. I particularly like the incantation at the end of the section that reads:
"Oracle Goddesses and Goddesses of the Third Sight, illuminate me with your wisdom and your visions. I give thanks for your guidance. Amen, A'ho, So it is."
As a reader I find myself asking for a similar gift while working with my client's submissions. At times reading can be a challenge when you allow the distractions of the world to seep in. I have called upon Hecate often when scrying for guidance. This chapter (as in all of the others) moves on to discuss the essential oils and herbs of the chakra. Two of my favorite stones all into the third eye, which again, was a surprise to me - Labradorite and Lapis Lazuli. There are oil recipes as well as exercises to activate the chakras, I could go on for hours about everything in this book but my favorite has to be the mantras that are included. On page 148 the author tells us that in Sanskrit, Wah yantee is translated as "wisdom of infinity". I was able to locate a video that uses this is mantra and have placed it on my blog. www.confessionsofamodernwitch.com
The mantra is:
Wah yantee kar yantee, jag dut patee, aadak it waha, brahmaday trayshaa guroo, it wahay guroo
Translation
Great Macroself, Creative Self. All that is creative through time, all that is the Great One. Three aspects of God: Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh. That is Wahe Guru.*
*credit to http://www.lizzcohoon.com/blog/mantra... for the translation and video link*
Over all I think this is a great book to have in your library. The attention to detail, the amazing artwork and of course that index is enough to give this book five stars!
November 1, 2022
Summary: With The Ultimate Guide to Chakras, tune in to your chakras, the power centers connecting your physical body and the world of energy. Your chakras are the power centers that translate between the seen world of the physical body and the unseen world of energy. First discussed in ancient Hindu texts and studied for thousands of years in numerous spiritual traditions, including acupuncture, meditation, and yoga, chakras hold the key to our well-being. By tapping into the power of our chakras, we can live healthier, balanced, and more abundant lives. Athena Perrakis, leading metaphysical teacher and creator of the worlds largest online metaphysical resource website, SageGoddess.com, addresses the nine major chakras we can tap into to balance, heal, and manifest. This guide explains how and why different crystals, essential oils, and sacred plants help to support each chakra. Each chapter of The Ultimate Guide to Chakras includes magical exercises for accessing the energy of each chakra, including meditations, journal exercises, and working with goddesses and spirit guides. Readers will even learn how to create a dedicated chakra altar. Lavishly photographed and illustrated, this guide promises to be an essential volume for beginners and experienced energy workers alike
Contents
Prologue
Introduction
1 Earth Star Chakra Vasundhara
2 Root Chakra Muladhara
3 Sacral Chakra Svadisthana
4 Solar Plexus Chakra Manipura
5 Heart Chakra Anahata
6 Throat Chakra Vishuddha
7 Third Eye Chakra Anja
8 Crown Chakra Sahasrara
9 Soul Star Chakra Sutara
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
About the Author
About the Illustrator
Index
Subjects:
BODY, MIND & SPIRIT / Healing / Energy (Qigong, Reiki, Polarity)
BODY, MIND & SPIRIT / Inspiration & Personal Growth
BODY, MIND & SPIRIT / Mindfulness & Meditation
Chakras Health aspects Popular works
Energy medicine
Energy medicine Popular works
Popular works
Self-care, Health
Self-care, Health Popular works
Contents
Prologue
Introduction
1 Earth Star Chakra Vasundhara
2 Root Chakra Muladhara
3 Sacral Chakra Svadisthana
4 Solar Plexus Chakra Manipura
5 Heart Chakra Anahata
6 Throat Chakra Vishuddha
7 Third Eye Chakra Anja
8 Crown Chakra Sahasrara
9 Soul Star Chakra Sutara
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
About the Author
About the Illustrator
Index
Subjects:
BODY, MIND & SPIRIT / Healing / Energy (Qigong, Reiki, Polarity)
BODY, MIND & SPIRIT / Inspiration & Personal Growth
BODY, MIND & SPIRIT / Mindfulness & Meditation
Chakras Health aspects Popular works
Energy medicine
Energy medicine Popular works
Popular works
Self-care, Health
Self-care, Health Popular works
August 18, 2021
This is a solid explanation of a more New Age-tinged view of the chakra system. It has some Sanskrit names and mantras, but also references runes, Huna, and Goddesses. The book very much assumes you as a reader are a woman (particularly when describing the sacral chakra... the fertility of my womb doesn't really resonate as a man, and there was no text at all for anyone without a womb), which was a bit less open that I was hoping, and does only reference the divine feminine. I know that some people prefer that, but it was a disappointment for me. The perspective here is also towards Ascension, which isn't really something that fits for me. Stripping away those things that were bothersome, there is some good information here that generally matches up with my previous understanding of the chakra system, and provides a reasonably concise description of the chakras with plenty of correspondences and detail. It's a worthwhile read, but wears a bit of bias on its sleeve.
August 7, 2023
This is a fantastic book. Mix this book with the Anatomy of the Spirit and you are set to begin or deepen your chakra and energy healing:understanding journey.
This book also include the earth star and soul star chakras. It’s a very aesthetically pleasing book with beautiful colours. They layout is simple and the same for every chakra. It include meditations for each chakra that are amazing.
Definitely recommend this book.
This book also include the earth star and soul star chakras. It’s a very aesthetically pleasing book with beautiful colours. They layout is simple and the same for every chakra. It include meditations for each chakra that are amazing.
Definitely recommend this book.
September 4, 2018
This book is a stunning informational book with lots of soul. I love the breakdown of each chakra, and how to call on each. I love the mixture of spirituality. Like Athena, I feel all spirituality can be linked and moves toward the same goal. I've always been fascinated with mythology and the similarities from different regions.
September 6, 2018
It's so informative! I love the layout of the book, in which the author started with the earth chakras, and moving along, up the body in the correct order. It is written in a way that is interactive, with meditation exercises and helpful words of wisdom to apply to every day life. I've really enjoyed what I've read so far, and am eager to keep reading. Thank you for this!!
October 2, 2018
Very informative book on the Chakras. This is a great reference book as well. It explains in depth each of the Chakras. This book is written for the beginner in mind but does not bore even the advanced person. This is kind of a text book so a little dry but still a great book.
I received this book from the Author or Publisher via Netgalley.com and chose to leave this review.
I received this book from the Author or Publisher via Netgalley.com and chose to leave this review.
October 28, 2019
This is a phenomenal step-by-step guide for beginners, to understanding what chakras are, how they are beneficial, and how they play a role in different, but very specific aspects of your life and well-being! It provides easy to follow meditations and ideals for physical and emotional growth and/or healing! Additionally, it has amazing, eye-catching illustrations!
April 1, 2022
A great comprehensive guide for beginners and experts. I especially enjoyed Perrakis's balance of informative writing and creative writing, which generated many interesting rabbit hole topics. If you're hands on, this book a great resource for crafting oil blends, incense, doing energy work, and journaling. Plus, the artwork is beautiful. Highly recommend.
Read
March 7, 2025 this book was a gift from middle school & in full honesty, i just skimmed through it.
it has a lot of exercises/ fun facts about the chakras and its correlating crystals, teas, herbs, tarot etc etc which is super cool. if i ever want to deep dive into chakras atleast i know which book on my shelf to grab 😅
it has a lot of exercises/ fun facts about the chakras and its correlating crystals, teas, herbs, tarot etc etc which is super cool. if i ever want to deep dive into chakras atleast i know which book on my shelf to grab 😅
April 18, 2019
This book really is the ultimate chakra resource! I originally borrowed it from my library, but I've added it to my wish list. I love how the chakra information is followed by an induction meditation plus the corresponding herbs, oils, crystals, tarot cards, and goddesses.
May 7, 2020
I enjoyed the information in this book so much, I purchased my own copy after I returned the one I had to the library. Will return to this book again and again for information about balancing chakras with gemstones, herbs, meditations, and other grounding tools.
January 31, 2021
A book that will never be finished as it’s one I will always come back to for direction. The watercolors visualizing each chakra are warm and inviting. Beautiful start in opening up to the energy within.
June 10, 2023
I really enjoyed the structure and information in this book, but I feel like the meditations/activities are a little too in depth to put into practice right away. They include so much detail that I feel like they need to be memorized before doing them.
November 21, 2023
This book was for a real beginner. I am a reiki practitioner and what she teaches in this book is not what or how I’ve been taught so I struggled to read this. It is filled with short meditations and activations but I found it to be too much personally.
June 8, 2025
So informative!
By far the best and most informative book on awakening and chakras I have read to date! This book had more information that I could even ask for in one place! Definitely will be a go to while I am learning!
By far the best and most informative book on awakening and chakras I have read to date! This book had more information that I could even ask for in one place! Definitely will be a go to while I am learning!
August 17, 2019
A great guide to a healthier Me
October 26, 2019
- This is a beautiful book - lovely photos, drawings and exercises!
- A great guide and a good book to include on any bookshelf.
- A great guide and a good book to include on any bookshelf.
March 4, 2020
activating your energy flow with mantra "Access, open, activate". Interesting statement "you can choose to balance your chakras as often as you like".
July 2, 2020
I took 4 pages (front and back) of notes and very much enjoyed the illustrations in this book.
November 11, 2020
Very informative guide. I will certainly be referencing this book often in chakra work. Very educational and easy to follow.
January 10, 2021
I enjoyed the reflective questions and meditation/ visualization exercises.
September 10, 2021
Amazing book. A must read.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 44 reviews