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Learn about the major events that took place On this day in history.

January 13, 2019

Historical Events
532 Nika riots begin in Contaninople, revolt against Emperor Justinian, prompted by chariot racing

1785 John Walter publishes 1st issue of "The Times" of London

1943 Hitler declares "Total War"

1970 Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu flees Biafra into exile, leaving his deputy Philip Effiong to surrender to the Nigerian army, unofficially ending the Nigerian Civil War

2000 Microsoft chairman Bill Gates steps aside as chief executive and promotes company president Steve Ballmer to the position

January 14, 2019
1526 Charles V and Francis I sign the Treaty of Madrid, forcing Francis to give up claims to Burgundy, Italy and Flanders

1641 United East Indian Company conquers city of Malacca, 7,000 killed

1724 Spanish King Philip V abdicates throne

1784 US Revolutionary War ends with the US Congress of the Confederation ratifying the Treaty of Paris

2011 Tunisian president Ben Ali, flees to Saudi Arabia after popular protests known as the Jasmine Revolution

January 15,2019
1535 Henry VIII declares himself head of the Church in England

1559 Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey

1759 British Museum opens in Montague House, London

1902 Abdulaziz Ibn Saud leads 40 men over the walls of Riyadh and takes the city, marking the beginning of the Third Saudi State

2001 Wikipedia a free Wiki or content encyclopedia is launched by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger

January 16, 2019
1412 The Medici family is appointed official banker of the Papacy

1547 Ivan IV the Terrible (17) crowns himself first tsar of Moscow

1605 The first edition of "El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha" (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid

1793 French King Louis XVI sentenced to death by the National Convention during the French Revolution

1913 British House of Commons accepts Home Rule for Ireland (but the Great War gets in the way of it happening)

1920 1st assembly of the League of Nations is held in Paris

January 17, 2019

Historical Events
1773 Captain James Cook becomes 1st to cross Antarctic Circle (66° 33' S)

1873 A group of Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, a part of the Modoc War

1912 Captain Robert Scott's expedition arrives at the South Pole, one month after Roald Amundsen

1946 United Nations Security Council holds its 1st meeting

1991 Operation Desert Storm begins, with US-led coalition forces bombing Iraq, during the Gulf War

January 19, 2019
379 Theodosius installed as co-emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire

1812 Peninsular War: After a ten day siege, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, orders British soldiers of the Light and third divisions to storm Ciudad Rodrigo

1883 The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begins service at Roselle, New Jersey

1966 Indira Gandhi elected India's 4th Prime Minister

2013 Calcium deposits are discovered on Mars by NASA’s Curiosity Rover

January 20, 2019
265 First English Parliament summoned other than by royal command (in this instance by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester) mets in Westminster Hall

1841 China cedes Hong Kong to the British during the 1st Opium War

1921 Republic of Turkey declared out of remnants of Ottoman Empire

1942 Nazi officials hold notorious Wannsee conference in Berlin to organise the "final solution", the extermination of Europe's Jews

1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt sworn-in for an unprecedented (and never to be repeated) 4th term as US President

1981 Ronald Reagan inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States of America

2009 Barack Obama, inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States of America, becomes the United States' first African-American president

January 21, 2019
1525 The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother in Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union

1789 1st American novel, WH Brown's "Power of Sympathy" is published

1793 Louis XVI of France is executed by the guillotine in Paris, following his conviction for high treason

1952 Jawaharlal Nehru's Congress party wins general election in India

1968 The Battle of Khe Sanh - one of the most publicized and controversial battles of the Vietnam War - begins at the Khe Sanh Air Base

2008 Black Monday in worldwide stock markets. FTSE 100 had its biggest ever one-day points fall, European stocks closed with their worst result since 9/11, and Asian stocks drop as much as 15%.

January 22, 2019
1689 Prince William of Orange (future King William III of Britain), summons Convention Parliament to discuss ruling jointly with his wife Mary (daughter of exiled King James II)

1879 Battle of Rorke's Drift: British garrison of 150 holds off 3,000-4,000 Zulu warriors. Eleven Victoria Crosses and a number of other decorations were awarded to the defenders.

1905 In St Petersburg, Russia, a large demonstration of workers led by Father Gapon, march to the Winter Palace with a petition to the Tsar; troops fire on protesters in what becomes known as 'Bloody Sunday'

1946 US President Harry Truman sets up the Central Intelligence Agency

1973 Roe vs Wade: US Supreme Court legalizes most abortions

January 23, 2019
971 War elephant corps of the Southern Han defeated at Shao by crossbow fire from Song Dynasty troops; Southern Han state forced to submit to the Song Dynasty. 1st regular war elephant corps in Chinese army

1368 In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends to the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming Dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries.

1556 Shaanxi Earthquake - deadliest ever recorded kills 830,000 in Shensi Province, China

1950 Israeli Knesset resolves Jerusalem is capital of Israel

1973 US President Richard Nixon announces an accord has been reached to end Vietnam War

1978 Sweden becomes the first nation in the world to ban aerosol sprays, believed to be damaging to earth's ozone layer.

January 24, 2019
Scouting for Boys is Published, Apple Unveils the Macintosh and the British Bulldog Passes Away
OnThisDay.com January 24, 2019

41 Claudius succeeds his nephew Caligula as Roman Emperor after the later's assassination by officers of the Praetorian Guard

1857 University of Calcutta founded as the first full-fledged university in South Asia

1899 Rubber heel for boots or shoes patented by American Humphrey O'Sullivan

1908 Lieutenant General Robert Baden-Powell publishes "Scouting for Boys" as a manual for self-instruction in outdoor skills and self-improvement. The book becomes the inspiration for the Scout Movement.

1984 Apple Computer Inc unveils its revolutionary Macintosh personal computer

January 25, 2019
1554 Founding of the city of São Paulo in Brazil

1565 Battle at Talikota India: Deccan sultanate destroy Vijayanagar's army and the last Hindu kingdom of Southern India

1840 American naval expedition under Charles Wilkes is first to identify Antarctica as a new continent

1949 1st Israeli election won by David Ben-Gurion's Mapai party

1971 Military coup in Uganda under Major General Idi Amin

2011 Egyptian Revolution of 2011 begins with a series of street demonstrations, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, labor strikes and violent clashes in Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities

January 26, 2019
1482 "Pentateuch" the Jewish Bible is 1st printed as a book in Bologna, Italy

1531 Lisbon hit by Earthquake; about 30,000 die

1564 The Council of Trent issued its conclusions in the Tridentinum, establishing a distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism

1788 Captain Arthur Phillip and British colonists hoist the Union Flag at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, now celebrated as Australia Day

1998 President Bill Clinton says "I want to say one thing to the American people; I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky"

January 27, 2019
661 Rashidun Caliphate, then the largest empire in history, ends with death of Ali. Succeeded by the Umayyad Caliphate

1820 Russian Antarctic expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev discover the continent of Antarctica

1825 U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears"

1888 The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C. for "the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge"

1924 Lenin placed in Mausoleum in Red Square, Moscow

1944 Siege of Leningrad lifted by the Soviets after 880 days and more than 2 million Russians killed

1945 Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz and Birkenau Concentration Camps in Poland

January 28, 2019
1521 Emperor Charles V opens the Diet of Worms in Worms, Germany which lasts until May 25th. Produced the "Edict of Worms" which dennouced Martin Luther

1807 London's Pall Mall is 1st street lit by gaslight

1813 Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" is published by Thomas Egerton in the United Kingdom

1819 Sir Stamford Raffles lands in Singapore

1933 The name "Pakistan" is coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali and gradually accepted by Muslims in the Indian sub-continent who use it to push for a separate Muslim homeland in South Asia

January 29, 2019
1595 William Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet" is thought to have been first performed. Officially published early 1597.

1886 Karl Benz patents the "Benz Patent-Motorwagen" in Karlsruhe, Germany, the world's 1st automobile with a burning motor

1892 The Coca-Cola Company is incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia

1896 Emile Grubbe is the first doctor to use radiation treatment for breast cancer

2002 US President George W. Bush in his State of the Union address describes "regimes that sponsor terror" an "Axis of Evil", which includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea

January 30, 2019
1661 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed after having been dead for two years

1815 Burned US Library of Congress re-established with Thomas Jefferson's 6,500 volumes

1902 Britain and Japan sign a treaty after months of negotiating which commits each country to supporting an independent China and Korea, although it acknowledges Japan's 'special interest' in Korea

1933 President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor of Germany who forms a government with Franz von Papen

1939 Adolf Hitler threatens Jews during his speech to the German Reichstag (Parliament)

1948 Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse

January 31, 2019
1661 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed after having been dead for two years

1815 Burned US Library of Congress re-established with Thomas Jefferson's 6,500 volumes

1902 Britain and Japan sign a treaty after months of negotiating which commits each country to supporting an independent China and Korea, although it acknowledges Japan's 'special interest' in Korea

1933 President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor of Germany who forms a government with Franz von Papen

1939 Adolf Hitler threatens Jews during his speech to the German Reichstag (Parliament)

1948 Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse

February 1, 2019
1587 Queen Elizabeth I of England signs death warrant for her cousin, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots

1843 Oldest continuous writer of insurance in America - The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York (MONY) opens

1884 1st volume of the Oxford English Dictionary, A-Ant, published

1908 King Carlos I of Portugal and his heir, Prince Luis Filipe are assassinated by Republican sympathizers in Terreiro do Paco, Lisbon

1968 Saigon police chief Nguyễn Ngọc Loan executes Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém with a pistol shot to head. The execution is captured by photographer Eddie Adams and becomes an anti-war icon.

1979 Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Iran after 15 years in exile

2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboar

February 2, 2019

1653 New Amsterdam becomes a city (later renamed New York)

1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican-American War: US acquires Texas, California, New Mexico and Arizona for $15 million

1901 Queen Victoria's funeral takes place in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England

1922 James Joyce's "Ulysses" published in Paris (1,000 copies)

1943 German 6th Army surrenders after Battle of Stalingrad in a major turning point in Europe during World War II

1971 Idi Amin ousts Milton Obote and appoints himself President (dictator) of Uganda

February 3, 2019

1451 Sultan Mehmed II, the Conqueror inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire

1509 The Battle of Diu, naval battle at port of Diu, India between Portugal and the Ottoman Empire, establishes Portugese trading control

1870 US state of Iowa ratifies the 15th Amendment of the United States Constitution allowing suffrage for all races & colour

1928 Paleoanthropologist Davidson Black reports his findings on the ancient human fossils found at Zhoukoudian, China in the journal Nature and declares them to be a new species he names 'Sinanthropus pekinensis' (now known as 'Homo erectus')

1966 1st soft landing on Moon (Soviet Luna 9)

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February 4, 2019

211 Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies, leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons, Caracalla and Geta

960 Coronation of Zhao Kuangyin as Emperor Taizu of the Song, initiating three centuries of Song Dynasty dominance in southern China

1789 1st US electoral college chooses George Washington as President and John Adams as Vice-President

1844 World's oldest known Bible, "The Codex Sinaiticus" (Sinai Bible), is discovered or stolen in Egypt by Constantin von Tischendorf

1865 Robert E. Lee is named general-in-chief of Confederate forces

1969 The Palestine National Congress appoints Yasser Arafat chairman of the PLO

1988 Panamanian General Manuel Noriega indicted by US federal grand jury for drug trafficking and racketeering

2004 Mark Zuckerberg launches Facebook from his Harvard dormitory room

February 5, 2019

1576 Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV of France) abjures Catholicism at Tours

1885 News of the fall of Khartoum reaches London

1885 King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo as a personal colonial possession

1969 US population reaches 200 million

February 6, 2019

1508 Maximilian I proclaimed Holy Roman Emperor, 1st Emperor in centuries not to be crowned by the Pope

1778 France recognizes USA, signs Treaty of Alliance in Paris, 1st US treaty

1819 Stamford Raffles founds Singapore as a British trading port

1840 The Treaty of Waitangi is signed between 40 Māori Chiefs (later signed by 500) and representatives of the British crown in Waitangi, New Zealand. The treaty was designed to share sovereignty between the two groups.

1952 Queen Elizabeth II succeeds King George VI to the British throne and proclaimed Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms including Canada, Australia and New Zealand

1989 Solidarity union leader Lech Wałęsa begins negotiating with Polish government

February 7, 2019

1238 The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir

1301 Edward of Caernarion (later Edward II) becomes first (English) Prince of Wales

1842 Battle of Debre Tabor: Ras Ali Alula, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord Wube Haile Maryam of Semien

1856 The colonial Tasmanian Parliament passes the first piece of legislation (the Electoral Act of 1856) anywhere in the world providing for elections by way of a secret ballot.

1991 The IRA launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street during a cabinet meeting.

1992 Maastricht Treaty signed by 12 countries from the European Community (EC) to create the European Union (EU)

February 8, 2019

1672 Isaac Newton reads 1st optics paper before Royal Society in London

1807 Battle of Eylau ends inconclusively between Napoleon's forces and Russian Empire - 1st battle Napoleon isn't victorious

1960 Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom issued an Order-in-Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants will take the name "Mountbatten-Windsor".

1971 Nasdaq Composite stock market index debuts with 50 companies and a starting value of 100

February 9, 2019

474 Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire together with his son Leo II.

1775 British Parliament declares Massachusetts colony is in rebellion

1904 Japanese land troops at Chemulpo (Inchon), near Seoul, Korea; within the next three weeks they will have advanced to the Yalu River, border of Manchuria

1943 Japanese troops evacuate Guadalcanal, ends epic WWII battle on the Solomon Islands in the Pacific

1972 British government declares state of emergency after month-long coal miners' strike

February 10, 2019

60 St Paul thought to have been shipwrecked at Malta

1720 Edmond Halley appointed as the second Astronomer Royal at the Greenwich Observatory

1763 Treaty of Paris ends French-Indian War, surrendering Canada to Britain

1824 Simón Bolívar named dictator by the Congress of Peru

1879 Henry Morton Stanley departs for the Congo

1906 British battleship HMS Dreadnought launches after only 100 days, renders all other capital ships obsolete with its revolutionary design

1952 India holds its first general election: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru remains in power

February 11, 2019

1858 First vision of the Virgin Mary to 14-year-old Bernadette of Lourdes, France

1929 Vatican City (world's smallest country) made an enclave of Rome

1975 Margaret Thatcher defeats Edward Heath for leadership of the British Conservative Party

1990 Nelson Mandela released after 27 years imprisonment in South Africa

2011 Egyptian Revolution culminates in the resignation of Hosni Mubarak and the transfer of power to the Supreme Military Council after 18 days of protests (Arab Spring)

February 12, 2019

1700 The Great Northern War begins in Northern Europe between Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia and the Swedish Empire.

1912 The last Qing Emperor of China, Puyi abdicates after losing the support of the Chinese people and thus the mandate of heaven

1947 French fashion designer Christian Dior presents his first influential collection, named the "New Look"

1999 US President Bill Clinton acquitted by the Senate in his impeachment trial

2001 NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft touchdown in the "saddle" region of 433 Eros becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid.

2013 North Korea allegedly conducts its third nuclear test, saying it was a nuclear device that could be weaponized

February 13, 2019

1258 Baghdad falls to the Mongols as the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed

1601 1st British East India Company voyage departs from London, lead by John Lancaster

1689 British Parliament adopts the Bill of Rights which establishes the rights of parliament and places limits on the crown

1942 Hitler's Operation Sealion, the invasion of England, is cancelled

1945 Allied planes begin bombing Dresden, Germany; a firestorm results and over 22,000 die

1945 USSR captures Budapest, after a 49-day battle with Germany; 159,000 die

February 14, 2019

1014 Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry II Roman German Emperor

1076 Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV (for the 1st time)

1797 The Battle of Cape St Vincent: British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats larger Spanish fleet under Admiral Don José de Córdoba y Ramos near Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Captain Horatio Nelson distinguishes himself.

1876 Alexander G. Bell & Elisha Gray apply separately for telephone patents Supreme Court eventually rules Bell rightful inventor

1929 St Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago, 7 gangsters killed, allegedly on Al Capone's orders

1971 Richard Nixon installs secret taping system in the White House

February 15, 2019

399 BC Philosopher Socrates is sentenced to death by the city of Athens for corrupting the minds of the youth of the city and for impiety

590 Khosrau II, the last great Sasanian king is crowned King of Persia

1763 Austria, Prussia & Saxony sign the Treaty of Hubertusburg, marking the end of the French and Indian War and of the Seven Years War

1986 Ferdinand Marcos wins rigged presidential election in the Philippines

2001 First draft of the complete human genome is published in the journal "Nature"

2003 An estimated 6-11 million people around the world take to the streets to protest against war with Iraq

February 16, 2019

1659 1st known cheque (£400) (on display at Westminster Abbey)

1840 American Charles Wilkes discovers Shackleton Ice Shelf, Antarctica

1923 Howard Carter opens the inner burial chamber of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb and finds the sarcophagus

1959 Fidel Castro becomes the 16th Prime Minister of Cuba after overthrowing Fulgencio Batista

2005 The Kyoto Protocol comes into force following its ratification by Russia.

February 17, 2019

1568 Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II agrees to pay tribute to the Ottoman Empire for peace

1865 Columbia, South Carolina, burns down during American Civil War

1876 Sardines first canned by Julius Wolff in Eastport, Maine

1969 Golda Meir sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Israel

1972 British Parliament votes to join the European Common Market

2017 Discovery of a new mostly underwater continent Zealandia in the South Pacific announced in research journal "GSA Today"

February 18, 2019

1519 Hernán Cortés leaves Cuba for the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico with 11 ships and 500 men

1678 John Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" is published in Holborn, London, by Nathaniel Ponder

1861 King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia becomes first King of Italy

1885 Mark Twain publishes the "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" in the US

1917 1st major strike of the Russian "February Revolution" starts at the giant Putilov factory in Petrograd [NS=Mar 3]

2014 Ukrainian Revolution of 2014 begins as protesters, riot police and unknown shooters take part in violent events in the capital, Kiev, culminating after five days in the ouster of President Viktor Yanukovych

February 19, 2019

356 Emperor Constantius II shuts all heathen temples

1600 Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in South American recorded history

1878 Thomas Edison is granted a patent for his gramophone (phonograph)

1942 About 150 Japanese warplanes attack the Australian city of Darwin

1945 US 5th Fleet launches invasion of Iwo Jima against the Japanese with 30,000 US Marines

February 20, 2019

1792 US postal service created, postage 6-12 cents depending on distance

1872 New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art opens

1873 British Naval Officer John Moresby discovers the site of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea and claims it for Britain

1938 UK Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden resigns stating Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain has appeased Nazi Germany

1947 Earl Mountbatten of Burma appointed as last viceroy of India to oversee the move to independence

February 21, 2019

1173 Pope Alexander III canonizes Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury

1613 Michael Romanov, son of Patriarch of Moscow, elected first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov

1804 1st locomotive, Richard Trevithick's, runs for the 1st time, along the tramway of the Penydarren Ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales

1916 World War I: Battle of Verdun begins, leads to an estimated 1 million casualties

1922 Britain declares Egypt a sovereign state

February 22, 2019

1632 Galileo's "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" is published

1774 British House of Lords rules authors do not have perpetual copyright

1797 The Last Invasion of Britain by the French, begins near Fishguard, Wales

1825 Russia & Britain establish Alaska-Canada boundary

1967 25,000 US and South Vietnamese troops launch Operation Junction City against the Viet Cong. Largest US airborne assault since WWII.

February 23, 2019

303 Roman Emperor Diocletian begins his policy of persecuting Christians, razing the church at Nicomedia

1455 Johannes Gutenberg prints his first Bible (estimated date)

1540 Francisco Vázquez de Coronado's expedition sets off from Mexico in search of the 7 cities of Cibola

1836 Alamo besieged for 13 days until March 6 by Mexican army under General Santa Anna; entire garrison eventually killed

1904 United States acquires control of the Panama Canal Zone for $10 million

1945 US Marines raise American flag on top of Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima. Photo of which by Joe Rosenthall later became iconic, inspiring the Marine Corps War Memorial sculpture

1954 1st mass inoculation against polio with Salk vaccine (Pittsburgh)

1998 Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa declaring jihad against all Jews and Crusaders

February 24, 2019

303 1st official Roman edict for persecution of Christians issued by Emperor Diocletian

1525 Battle of Pavia: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's troops beat the French. French King Francois I captured, 15,000 killed or wounded

1582 Pope Gregory XIII announces New Style (Gregorian) calendar

1739 Battle of Karnal: Army of Iranian ruler Nadir Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah

1821 Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero agree to the Plan of Iguala, stating that Mexico will become a constitutional monarchy, Roman Catholicism the official religion and that Peninsulares and Creoles will enjoy equal political and social rights

1868 US House of Representatives vote 126 to 47 to impeach President Andrew Johnson

1946 General Juan Perón first elected President of Argentina

2008 Fidel Castro retires as the President of Cuba due to ill health after nearly fifty years

February 25, 2019

1570 Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England and absolves her subjects from allegiance to the crown

1793 1st US cabinet meeting, held at George Washington's home

1862 First Legal Tender Act 1862 is passed by the US Congress, authorizing the United States Note (greenback) into circulation, the first fiat paper money that was legal tender in America

1910 Dalai Lama flees Tibet for British India to escape Chinese troops

1956 Nikita Khrushchev denounces Joseph Stalin at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

February 26, 2019

1616 Roman Inquisition delivers injunction to Galileo demanding he abandon his belief in heliocentrism, which states the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun

1797 Bank of England issues first £1 note

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte and his supporters leave Elba to start a 100 day re-conquest of France

1885 Berlin Conference gives Congo to Belgium and Nigeria to Great Britain

1935 RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) first demonstrated by Robert Watson-Watt

2005 Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt, orders the constitution changed to allow multi-candidate presidential elections, asking Egyptian parliament to amend Article 76

February 27, 2019

1900 In London, the Trades Union Congress and the Independent Labour Party (formed in 1893) meet, results in a Labour Representative Committee and eventually the modern Labour Party in 1906

1940 Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover carbon-14 (radiocarbon dating) at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, California

1950 General Chiang Kai-shek elected president of Nationalist China

1957 Mao's famous speech to the Supreme State Conference "On Correct Handling of Contradictions Among People" expounding Maoist ideals

2012 Wikileaks begins disclosing 5 million emails from private intelligence company Stratfor

February 27th 2013
https://www.facebook.com/175613950796...

Thanks for this Aidan. We could do with all the publicity we get. However, please restrict book promotion to the appropriate folder only.
Check out the new one created for you.
All the best!
PS. Is it one son's birthday today?
Best wishes 🎂

Grasshopper wrote: "Thanks for this Aidan. We could do with all the publicity we get. However, please restrict book promotion to the appropriate folder only.
Check out the new one created for you.
All the best!
PS. I..."

Yes it is a piece for his birthday. Not any link to books. It is my weekly blog post. For anyone to share a thought.
Thaks though.
Read the piece in the link. It is my Goodreads blog.

Seemed fitting this day in history. Etc etc....
Have a good one ad look forward to this month ahead.