Enamul Haque's Blog

As we traverse the early years of the 21st century, we find ourselves in a world increasingly dominated by artificial intelligence. Computers, equipped with AI capabilities, are processing information faster than the human mind, diagnosing diseases more accurately, and even driving our cars. Yet, amidst this digital upheaval, a fundamental question emerges - what does it mean to be human in the age of AI?

Undoubtedly, AI's capabilities are astonishing. Capable of processing information at a speed millions or billions of times faster than humans, AI is reshaping industries and enhancing our capabilities. It stores, accesses, and identifies patterns in vast amounts of data, offering unprecedented predictive insights. It works tirelessly, free from fatigue or boredom, and makes decisions uninfluenced by emotions or biases. These advantages make AI an invaluable tool in a variety of sectors.

However, as we marvel at the triumphs of artificial intelligence, it's crucial to remember that AI, for all its power, lacks the quintessential elements that make us human. It doesn't experience emotions, possess consciousness, or have the gift of empathy. As Marvin Minsky, a pioneer in AI, once said, "AI does not keep humans out. It invites us in."

Among the irreplaceable human traits, creativity stands out. While AI can generate music, art, and even write, it does this based on patterns, rules, and data it's been fed rather than a genuine creative impulse. As renowned musician and artist David Bowie wisely observed, "The human element of creativity can't be replicated."

Empathy is another such trait. AI can mimic empathy by recognising and responding to human emotions to an extent. However, genuine empathy is a profoundly human attribute that AI cannot replicate. As American computer scientist Fei-Fei Li aptly said, "Empathy is the essence of our humanity. It's the essence of compassion. And it can't be automated."

AI's deterministic nature contrasts starkly with the human ability for free will. Humans can make independent choices driven by a complex interplay of thoughts, feelings, and consciousness - an aspect that AI, bound by algorithms and programming, cannot replicate. This freedom for spontaneous and imaginative thought leads to innovation, enriching our lives with scientific tools, new music, mathematical theorems, and more.

Moreover, our biological capabilities separate us from AI. No matter how advanced AI becomes, it won't be capable of giving birth, feeling a mother's love, or experiencing the kaleidoscope of emotions that make up the human experience.

However, the rise of AI doesn't spell doom for humanity. On the contrary, it is set to enhance our capabilities. A study involving 1,500 companies found that the most significant performance improvements occurred when humans and machines collaborated 2.
AI won't replace humans; instead, it will augment our skills, allowing us to focus on complex, creative work. Kevin Kelly, American author and co-founder of Wired magazine, pointed out this reality: "You'll be paid in the future based on how well you work with robots."

In this age of AI, it's not about pitting machines against humans but harmonising their strengths. As we shape the future of AI, we need to understand and cherish the uniqueness of being human - our creativity, empathy, free will, and capacity for love. These qualities make us irreplaceable, even in an age where AI seems capable of almost anything.

Comparison is one of the deadliest habits that we can do to ourselves. It's natural for humans to compare themselves to others, but it often leads to negative consequences such as low self-esteem, insecurities, and fulfilment. Here is more:

Avoid Comparison

Comparing ourselves to others only exaggerates our insecurities and makes us feel inadequate. We must learn to enjoy other people's success and let them live their lives. Remember, social media is not real life. People curate their social media to present the best version of themselves, and we shouldn't make decisions based on the appearance of someone else's life.

Embrace the Infinite Game

In the infinite game, there are no winners or losers. It's about playing to outlast the competition and requires a growth mindset. Instead of competing with others, focus on personal growth and development. Learn from your friends and their successes. Your friends are there to admire, not to contend with.

Recognise Your Strengths and Weaknesses

We all have strengths and weaknesses, and comparing ourselves to others only emphasises our shortcomings. Instead, we should focus on our own strengths and how to improve them. By recognising our weaknesses, we can learn from others with different strengths and grow and develop as individuals.

Build Positive Relationships

The key to overcoming the destructive habit of comparison is to build positive relationships with others. Instead of seeing them as competition, we should view them as potential collaborators and learn from their strengths. By building positive relationships, we can grow together and achieve tremendous success.

So to conclude, comparison is a self-destructive habit that can lead to negative consequences. To overcome this habit, we must embrace the infinite game, recognise our strengths and weaknesses, and build positive relationships with others. Personal growth is a journey that requires a growth mindset, a willingness to learn, and a positive attitude. By focusing on our growth and development, we can achieve our full potential and live more fulfilling lives.

Virtually all companies and organisations have digital transformation high on their agenda. But it is far from everyone who is doing well with their initiatives. Over half of Forbes Fortune 2000 companies are reported to be failing or dissatisfied with their digital transformation, and it may be interesting to look at problems and reasons why.

Expectations And Problem Insight About Digital Transformation

To know whether an initiative is successful or not, an understanding of stakeholders' expectations within the organisation is required. It is also essential to understand the potential risks that may arise when launching a digitalisation agenda. Not being able to clearly measure success will lead to weak reception and questioning budget and resource allocation.

Some larger organisations set up digitalisation and innovation departments - but also for them, goals and purpose are essential for their work. By being aware of the pitfalls and obstacles to successful digital transformation, a greater understanding is created that the work takes time and can involve several obstacles along the way.

Lack Of Support From Management

It is not enough to appoint a CDO or rely on a few enthusiasts to succeed in digital transformation. The work must enter the DNA of the organisation, and management is the main strategy carrier. Unless the chief executive excites and prioritises the work, it will soon come to a standstill.

Lack of management support is a classic problem in many forms of projects and initiatives - it can be ISO certification, GDPR projects, Lean Work, Etc.

Lack Of Transformation In Digital Transformation

Many suppliers try to fit in their offerings and services in the field of Digital Transformation. It can be IoT, Machine Learning, Blockchain, AI, RPA, etc. But the most important thing is not the technology itself, but what it brings in the form of new ways of working, processes and business models. It is not about making an old way of working wholly but digitally rethinking how we do our services and work. Dare to question and test!

Transformation means change, and change carries with it resistance that we are happy to avoid. But without change, no improvement as it is so nicely called.

Forgotten Customer Experience

New technological opportunities bring new competitors, new customer experiences and new business models. This will lead to an increased range of competing players who will fight for customers with new smart solutions. When the customer has the power to choose where they want to place their money, the customer experience is in many cases, a priority over cost reduction and incremental improvement of processes. Be sure to get a helicopter perspective and focus on the big picture – it's foolish to sub-optimise and digitise a process that may no longer be needed in the digital age.

Digital Transformation Requires Platform And Architecture

In addition to having a strategy, an innovation-driven culture and a good capacity for change, the technology and platform to be used to realise these new business models, processes and interfaces with customers and the outside world are also required. Today's companies and organisations increasingly need to act like a software company and increasingly become service-producing IT company. Today you can easily subscribe to cars instead of buying, you can go to the doctor over the phone, and who knows what comes next - subscribe to health and well-being?

At least you need a digital platform that makes it possible to test new business models, processes and working methods. Ideally, this platform should make it possible to work according to the motto "fail fast, fail cheap". So you need to be able to build and test applications and services quickly and cheaply.

The Internet of Things is the frontier of the digital revolution. It can help businesses improve productivity, reduce costs, bring new products and services to consumers, and implement new business models. But full implementation of IoT may require extensive integration capabilities and skilled personnel. In addition, it will create new requirements for security and interoperability - the ability of different IT systems and applications to communicate with each other.

What can the Internet of Things do? In a smart factory, for example, the Internet of Things can lead to better inventory management, better manufacturing processes, and faster delivery times. Plant sensors will continuously transmit data at every step of the manufacturing process to provide operators with the information they need to improve the quality of the end product and ensure on-time delivery. It's even possible that a scenario in which the company sends an employee ahead of time to fix the machine before it finally breaks down - whether it's a washing machine or a complex jet engine.

In the past, a washing machine manufacturer was only interested in selling the product, with a small percentage of end-user interests taken into account. At best, the manufacturer could offer a warranty and after-sales service. But now, it is building smart, connected products that can interact with consumers' home systems, receive external data, and push data to its manufacturer's analytics services.

For example, if the washing machine is connected to other gadgets in the house, the Internet of Things can monitor the electrical load of other devices and thus prevent overloading or save electricity. For machines where clothes are only half dried and then hung to dry completely (which is relevant for developing countries), an internet connection can allow automatic settings to be changed depending on weather conditions.

The first step towards the implementation of IoT in a business, is to define a clear and realistic outcome of the process. For example, for a hotel, that goal might be to improve the quality of service, not a product. Recognising guests can be a starting point. Based on the hotel's sensors and the ability to connect to the guest's cell phone, the hotel will know when a particular guest is arriving. This way, the hotel staff can greet the guest by name as soon as they enter the building, providing a more personalised experience. In the medical field, remote diagnosis becomes possible. This would involve receiving relevant patient information such as heart rate, calories burned and blood pressure via the wearable devices, and providing this information to a doctor and then receive an electronic prescription from him to the mobile device. This will lead to faster diagnostics and better management of the healthcare industry, especially if remote diagnostics are performed using real-time data transmitted over long distances.

For the return on investment, take the example of a luxury hotel that has high heating, ventilation, and air conditioning costs. Costs can be reduced by adjusting the air conditioning and heating according to the number of people in a particular area of ​​the hotel - sensors can easily retrieve this data. In an IoT pilot project, it was found that over $ 60,000 per year could be saved in this way.

With the improvement of artificial intelligence (AI), a technology that is currently gaining attention, a fictitious existence appearing in the world of movies and animation, like Doraemon, Terminator and Tetsuwan Atom, will emerge. And in reality, it is getting closer.

This technology, which faithfully reproduces human "gestures, thoughts and actions" by a computer, complements every role as the IoT progresses, improving work efficiency, increasing forecasting accuracy and effective control of machines. You can expect it to create a lot of value.

It is a time when everything is connected to the Internet and communicates with each other. Keep an eye on the evolution of the latest “IoT” technology that exchanges huge amounts of data in a vast global network and brings convenience and convenience to our lives.

L'Internet des objets est la frontière de la révolution numérique. Il peut aider les entreprises à améliorer leur productivité, à réduire leurs coûts, à proposer de nouveaux produits et services aux consommateurs et à mettre en œuvre de nouveaux modèles commerciaux. Mais la mise en œuvre complète de l'IoT peut nécessiter des capacités d'intégration étendues et du personnel qualifié. En outre, cela créera de nouvelles exigences en matière de sécurité et d'interopérabilité - la capacité de différents systèmes informatiques et applications à communiquer entre eux.

Que peut faire l'Internet des objets? Dans une usine intelligente, par exemple, l'Internet des objets peut conduire à une meilleure gestion des stocks, de meilleurs processus de fabrication et des délais de livraison plus rapides. Les capteurs de l'usine transmettront en permanence des données à chaque étape du processus de fabrication pour fournir aux opérateurs les informations dont ils ont besoin pour améliorer la qualité du produit final et garantir une livraison à temps. Il est même possible qu'un scénario dans lequel l'entreprise envoie un employé à l'avance pour réparer la machine avant qu'elle ne tombe finalement en panne - que ce soit une machine à laver ou un moteur à réaction complexe.

Dans le passé, un fabricant de machines à laver était uniquement intéressé par la vente du produit, un petit pourcentage des intérêts des utilisateurs finaux étant pris en compte. Au mieux, le fabricant pourrait offrir une garantie et un service après-vente. Mais maintenant, il construit des produits intelligents et connectés qui peuvent interagir avec les systèmes domestiques des consommateurs, recevoir des données externes et transmettre des données aux services d'analyse de son fabricant.

Par exemple, si le lave-linge est connecté à d'autres gadgets de la maison, l'Internet des objets peut surveiller la charge électrique d'autres appareils et ainsi éviter les surcharges ou économiser de l'électricité. Pour les machines dans lesquelles les vêtements ne sont qu'à moitié séchés puis suspendus pour sécher complètement (ce qui est pertinent pour les pays en développement), une connexion Internet peut permettre de modifier les paramètres automatiques en fonction des conditions météorologiques.

La première étape vers un IdO entreprises est de définir un résultat clair et réaliste du processus. Par exemple, pour un hôtel, cet objectif peut être d'améliorer la qualité du service, pas un produit. La reconnaissance des invités peut être un point de départ. Sur la base des capteurs de l'hôtel et de la possibilité de se connecter au téléphone portable du client, l'hôtel saura quand un client particulier arrive. De cette façon, le personnel de l'hôtel peut accueillir le client par son nom dès son entrée dans le bâtiment, lui offrant ainsi une expérience plus personnalisée. Dans le domaine médical, le diagnostic à distance devient possible. Cela impliquerait de recevoir des informations pertinentes sur le patient telles que la fréquence cardiaque, les calories brûlées et la tension artérielle via le dispositif portable, d'envoyer ces informations à un médecin, puis de recevoir une prescription électronique de sa part vers le dispositif mobile. Cela conduira à des diagnostics plus rapides et à une meilleure gestion du secteur de la santé, en particulier si les diagnostics à distance sont effectués à l'aide de données en temps réel transmises sur de longues distances.

Pour le retour sur investissement, prenez un hôtel de luxe qui a des coûts de chauffage, de ventilation et de climatisation élevés. Les coûts peuvent être réduits en ajustant la climatisation et le chauffage en fonction du nombre de personnes dans une zone particulière de l'hôtel - des capteurs peuvent facilement récupérer ces données. Dans un projet pilote IdO, il a été constaté que plus de 60000 dollars par an pourraient être économisés de cette manière.

Avec l'amélioration de l'intelligence artificielle (IA), une technologie qui attire actuellement l'attention, une existence fictive qui apparaît dans le monde des films et des animations, comme Doraemon, Terminator et Tetsuwan Atom, verra le jour. Ça se rapproche.

Cette technologie, qui reproduit fidèlement les «gestes, pensées et actions» humains par un ordinateur, complète chaque rôle à mesure que l'IdO progresse, améliorant l'efficacité du travail, augmentant la précision des prévisions et le contrôle efficace des machines. On peut s'attendre à ce qu'il crée beaucoup de valeur.

C'est une époque où tout est connecté à Internet et communique les uns avec les autres. Gardez un œil sur l'évolution de la dernière technologie «IdO» qui échange d'énormes quantités de données dans un vaste réseau mondial et apporte commodité et confort à nos vies.

Many things changed since 2007 when ITIL v3 was released. Today, as the role of IT in business changes, technologies such as cloud, mobile, IoT, AI, and blockchain are new opportunities to create value and build a competitive advantage. New practices such as DevOps, Agile, and Lean have also emerged to meet these opportunities. Due to these changes in the business environment, balanced management is required to connect “business” seamlessly and “IT”, stabilise quality, make it predictable, and realise prompt service value provision.

With ITIL 4, the concept of IT service management has expanded significantly and has evolved into a comprehensive enterprise-level framework. Although not explicitly stated in ITIL 4, the important concepts of ITIL 4 are “Service Value System (SVS)”, “Service Value Chain (SVC)”, “Four Dimensions of Service Management”, “Practice”, and “Value Stream”. So the idea of “Creating Value” is the heart of it.

Value creation from SIAM perspective could be compared to the manufacturing of a car. Different parts and components of a vehicle will not make any sense to anyone; they don’t hold much value until all these resources are combined with the skills and the work of employees at an automobile manufacturing plant, they become a drivable vehicle. This is how a car or a truck provides value to the business. SIAM helps business to extract value from its partners, suppliers and vendors by integrating them into a single entity with effective governance, measurement and continuous optimisation by removing supply chain complexity to service consumers as well as by uncovering hidden costs with single sourcing and move to value-worthy investments. This value creation contributes to the reduction of the risk of failure.

Value creation is also requiring acceptance of SIAM adoption. Service integrators are responsible for ensuring end-to-end services that were previously ambiguous, and service providers need to embrace new ways of working to fit these SIAM models, thus creating value. For example, before SAIM adoption, service providers are responsible for the delivery of each service, but they must accept that the service integrator is independent in directing, deciding, and governing, and the customer organisation must accept the service when contracting with each service provider. It must be made clear that the integrator is the customer’s agent. Also, value creation is a joint process for both the supplier and the consumer. It must be remembered that value cannot be provided if the consumer of value is not involved. And the supplier needs to understand what exactly is valuable to the consumer.

There are different aspects of customer value: desired value and perceived value. Desired value refers to what consumers want from consuming a product or service. Perceived value is the benefits that consumers believe they will receive from a product or service after the purchase. Customer value can be examined at different levels. At a low level, customer value can be viewed as attributes embedded in the product or service itself. At a higher level, customer value can be seen as the emotional satisfaction of achieving outcomes or customer desires when using a product or service. The supplier must provide value in terms of the parameters that are most important to its customer.

The appointment of a service integrator by the customer organisation is not limited to “internal procurement” that gathers members inside the customer organisation but may also take the method of “external procurement” that has the expertise of the service integrator. Furthermore, there may be a “hybrid” method that combines both, or a “lead supplier” in which some service providers are the service integrators. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, in the “end to end” value creation process. ITIL 4 value streams and value chains could considerably be mapped to SAIM activities. For example, the SIAM supplier onboarding/offboarding could be mapped to strategy management value chain, and supplier management value chain component, obtain/build value chain considers supplier data configuration to the service management tool.

One important thing to remember here that ITIL 4's Service Value System now includes 34 practices. If an organisation is planning to implement one or more of these practices, then it is by no means sufficient to conduct a SIAM process workshops and document the process. Rather, such skills must be approached as an organisational change project. By the way, organisational change management is also one of the new practices that was explicitly included in ITIL 4.

SIAM is approaching not only existing ITIL and service management such as ISO 20000, but also system development methods such as Lean, Agile, and DevOps, and COBIT, and how to coexist and expand the value of IT services.

Migration to the cloud means moving data, applications, and even the entire infrastructure from an on-premises site to a virtual environment that is used by multiple clients on demand. This public cloud is responsible for computing, storing and delivering network services at scale.

Why are businesses migrating to the cloud?
Here are three simple reasons why businesses are starting to migrate to the cloud:
Reason 1: Speed ​​and cost savings
With cloud computing, you can scale your business to fit your needs, and with the right management, you can handle any spike in load and save money while keeping your consumption low.
Reason 2: New features such as disaster recovery
If your enterprise's business is global, the cost and complexity of managing end-to-end disaster recovery for on-premises data centers will skyrocket. It is possible to reduce costs by using high-quality cloud infrastructures in a centralized manner.
Reason 3: Continuously updated new technologies and services
Just look at any of the major cloud providers and you will see that they are constantly developing new technologies and services to help customers deliver services. Offers include the most trending solutions, from faster servers to machine learning systems in the cloud.

Why migrate to the cloud? Let's consider in more detail
Regardless of the industry, almost every company is now forced to turn into a technology, and even rather an IT company. Businesses are becoming increasingly IT-dependent. However, in this new role, IT is no longer just supported, but part of the product. Manufactured by factories.

If you are limited to local servers, you are likely to lose in comparison with competitors in scalability and prospects in the horizon of 5-10 years. By contrast, migrating to the cloud offers additional competitive advantages such as speed, scalability, and cost savings.

Rather than continuing to invest in aging and expensive infrastructure that keeps pace with change, moving to the cloud is a choice for the future. In addition to being able to economize and scale IT, you are essentially laying the foundation to respond faster to market changes, grow and drive innovation over the long term.

When planning a cloud migration, understanding how to accomplish it depends on your individual business model and goals, as well as your current infrastructure and applications. You need to rely on the skills and experience of your IT teams to understand the ins and outs of the current environment and the interdependencies of your applications. This will help determine which applications should be migrated to the cloud and how.

What specific business goals should you look out for?
Data Privacy and Compliance Needs: Should Governments or Healthcare Requirements Require Privacy?
Vendor dependency: want to "put all your eggs in one basket"?
Cost: time / money. How long will it actually take to migrate data in response to your company's changing skills and culture?
What else needs to be considered when migrating?

Cloud Migration - Moving, Platform Change, Revision, Rebuild, and Replacement is a great starting point for considering all options for migrating applications to the cloud.
Whether it's the initial migration or the fifth iteration, a successful cloud journey requires strategy and planning. Here's what you need to know.

Number 1: Move
Rehosting is the process of migrating existing physical and virtual servers to the public cloud (Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)) as is (as is). The main advantage of this approach is that systems can be quickly moved without changing their architecture. Companies often follow this path at the very beginning of their work with cloud technologies. When you move, you essentially treat the cloud-like just another data centre, which means you are not getting the most out of the cloud services available.

Let's take a web application as a simple example. Imagine you have an ASP.NET application running on Windows, and you want to move it to the cloud. You can create a Windows VM that meets the size requirements and deploy the application. After changing the DNS records, you are almost ready to go. This migration is an easy way to move to the cloud. However, this solution is not highly available or scalable and requires you to configure OS updates.

Number 2: Platform Change
It is the process of launching applications on a managed set of services from your cloud provider, also called platform as a service (PaaS). Using PaaS means that developers can reuse frameworks, languages, and containers.
For applications or workloads that can be refactored in the cloud, you can take advantage of some of the cloud features to lower costs and increase scalability. However, the biggest disadvantages of this option are portability risks, lack of functionality, and framework binding. One of the common problems faced by developers is that many PaaS options use irregular data storage. This usually requires a change to the codebase to use cloud storage rather than the local file system for the saved files.
An example of refactoring using PaaS would be taking an existing Ruby on Rails application and deploying it to Heroku, or taking an existing Drupal application and modifying it to run on Acquia Cloud or Pantheon. PaaS options allow you to focus on your application without having to deal with the underlying operating system.

Number 3: Revision
Some applications will need to be modified more seriously to move them to the cloud. Some will require functionality to be added, while others may need to be completely rebuilt before they can be reinstalled or redone and ultimately deployed to the cloud.
This can be difficult as modifying a large array of code to make it cloud-based can be time consuming and costly. An example is to take a complex, monolithic Python-based application and move it to the cloud infrastructure. The design of your application will dictate the amount of changes you need. You may find yourself needing to split it into multiple applications and swap components such as message queues to get the most out of the move.

Number 4: Rebuild
In this scenario, the application is reworked, the original coding is discarded, and it is rebuilt based on the PaaS infrastructure. Reworking the app allows you to take advantage of the more advanced capabilities of your cloud provider to create an even better app. The main disadvantage of this option is vendor binding.

For example, if for a number of reasons cooperation does not work out (for example, the provider violates the service level agreement, makes technical or price changes that the customer cannot accept), the customer is forced to revert to the previous version of the application, which may lead to the loss of part or all of its elements.
Let's say you rebuild your application to be completely serverless. Using serverless technology, you can run your application without having to manage servers yourself. Not all providers have such a service, and therefore, if the current one offers it, then you become to some extent dependent on the contractor. This is not so bad, but this factor will need to be considered.

Number 5: Replacement
In this scenario, you completely replace your existing application (s) with software delivered as a service (SaaS). The advantage of the replacement model is that it avoids development costs. However, you can run into problems with data access, unpredictable data semantics, and provider binding.
This can be a great option for minimizing the number of services and applications that need to be managed. An example would be replacing a local database with a managed option such as Cloud Datastore, Cosmos DB, or Dynamo. This can be one of the easiest ways to raise your SLA level. All of these services are known for their scalability and availability. In contrast, starting the database yourself and working with data replication and recovery can be very time-consuming.
Subtotal

Migration projects of any size require careful planning.
A successful cloud migration needs good preparation. There is no one size fits all approach to cloud migration. Your teams will need in-depth knowledge of the infrastructure and applications that run your business to fully understand the complexity, challenges, and costs of migrating to the cloud.
Risks and Benefits of Cloud Migration

Like most companies, your organization has probably migrated at least one service to the cloud. However, this does not mean that cloud migration is suitable for everyone. While cloud computing environments tend to be scalable, reliable, and highly available, this is not always the only reason to migrate data and infrastructures.
Companies consider many factors when migrating, from the benefits and risks to the cloud service model and type that is right for them. Next, we'll look at the top-level factors to consider when considering moving to the cloud.
The potential benefits of cloud migration

There are many challenges that moving to the cloud can solve. Here are some typical examples where companies have benefited from cloud migration.

The application requires more bandwidth, and it becomes difficult to scale resources on the fly to meet the growing demand
Need to reduce operating costs while improving the efficiency of IT processes
Companies need to deploy and deploy applications quickly; want to focus more on development while reducing infrastructure overhead
Companies looking to expand their business geographically, building a multi-regional infrastructure with associated service, time, human resources and error control efforts will be challenging
Keeping pace with growing storage needs is getting harder and more expensive
There is a need to create a widely distributed development team. Cloud computing enables remote workers to access applications and work over the Internet
You need to create a disaster recovery system, but setting it up for your entire data centre can double the cost. It also requires an elaborate disaster recovery plan. Cloud-based disaster recovery systems can be implemented much faster and also allow for better control over resources
Keeping track of and updating the underlying server software is a time consuming but essential process that requires periodic and sometimes immediate updates. The cloud provider is ready to take care of this. Many other administrative tasks, such as database backups, software updates, and periodic maintenance, are handled similarly with the cloud.

CapEx and OpEx: Cloud computing is shifting IT spending to a pay-as-you-go model, which is an attractive advantage, especially for startups.
Potential risks of cloud migration
There are certain risks of operating in the cloud for every business system. You will need to consider them, as well as the difficulties associated with migration.
If your application stores and receives very important data, you may not be able to serve it in the cloud. Compatibility requirements can also limit your choices.

If your existing infrastructure meets your needs, does not require a lot of maintenance, scalability, and availability, and all your customers are happy, why bother with the clouds?
If some technology that you currently rely on is proprietary, you might not be able to legally deploy it in the cloud, nor is it worth going to the cloud.

Some operations may experience additional latency when using cloud applications over the Internet.
If your hardware is being serviced by someone else, you may lose some transparency and control when dealing with performance issues.
Cloud neighbors can affect how your infrastructure works in the cloud. The specific design and architecture of your application may not fully match the distributed cloud architecture, so some modifications will be required before migration.
Cloud Platform or Vendor Tether: Once hosted in the cloud, it can be difficult to leave or move from one platform to another.
Downtime. It happens to everyone, but you might not like that your availability is being monitored by someone else.
What kind of cloud service model do you need?
Now that you've decided to try the cloud, you need to choose the right resource consumption model.
The most common models:

IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service
PaaS: Platform as a Service
SaaS: Software as a Service (e.g. Google G Suite, Office 365, Salesforce, NetSuite).

IaaS is best suited for companies that don't mind hosting their applications in third-party data centres, but instead prefer to outsource the care of their physical infrastructure to focus more fully on development, deployment, and monitoring.
However, if you prefer to keep your applications portable, you can simply throw your code onto a robust PaaS platform that provides a complete (and transparent) infrastructure. Implementing a PaaS solution will also save time - since the PaaS will be preloaded with most of the required software - you only need to deploy the topmost application tier, in some cases only the application executables.

SaaS is a business model through which centrally hosted productivity software is licensed on a subscription basis.
Public, Private or Hybrid?
You have chosen a resource consumption model, and now it's time to decide on the type of cloud.
There are three main options:
Public: Your resources are entirely hosted by one or more cloud providers.
Private: You create your own private cloud on your hardware.
Hybrid: Your resources are distributed in both private and public sites with monitored connections.
With a balanced balance of on-demand reliability, high availability, security and lower operating costs, a hybrid cloud can be very attractive. Sometimes a hybrid cloud can give you the best of both worlds.

How exactly can a hybrid work?
Let's imagine your web application is rapidly gaining popularity with users. In order to keep up with growing demand, you need a reference resource to scale dynamically. During peak usage, you should be able to deploy as many resources as possible to service requests, and when demand falls, ideally, you should be able to discard unnecessary resources to save money simply. This is possible in the public cloud. But let's say that the data your application collects is very confidential and cannot be stored outside of your facility. A hybrid solution can help. Then you choose which components will live in the public cloud and which will remain in your data centre.
RightScale reported that enterprises are increasingly adopting a multi-cloud strategy (84%) and 58% are planning to use hybrid clouds.
Assessing Cloud Migration Applications
After choosing the model and type of cloud, the real work lies ahead. Now it's time to see if your applications are ready to run in a virtual environment. Here are some factors to consider:
Application design complexity
Some traditional applications are so complex and tightly coupled that customers may not want to redesign them. However, the main requirement for any successful migration is that the application has a distributed architecture and is scalable. Tools like PaaSLane and Cloudamize can help you assess the readiness of your applications for the cloud.
Complexity of integration
Each application has its own points of integration, such as payment gateways, SMTP servers, web services, external storage, and components from third party vendors. It is very important to analyze what impact the migration to the cloud will have on them. Sometimes, you will experience unexpected connectivity or authentication issues that need to be identified and resolved ahead of time. The most important (and tedious) task is to identify all of these integration points. Because older applications may be poorly documented and developers who are familiar with end-to-end functional and non-functional details may not be available, you may have to go through each module manually. The task becomes more difficult if you are considering migrating hundreds of applications currently running in your data center.
Many of these problems can be solved by involving the IT team and using a resource discovery tool (both open source and commercial). This tool can help you identify entire server configurations on a network, along with connection specifics. Let's say you have an online datacenter running about 100 applications. The discovery tool prepares a bird's eye view of the entire system. He will also provide detailed details that may be useful for an overall assessment of capacity management.
Some of the more famous asset discovery tools include BMC Atrium and HP DDMA. Cloudamize provides a tool that can automatically search for applications and machines, and display application dependencies.
Host operating system
When you decide to move to the cloud, it's important to know if you can deploy your applications on the same OS. Your apps can only run on a specific OS (or OS version). If it is not compatible with your cloud service provider, then you need to find a working OS replacement, another vendor, or simply abandon the entire project. For example, most providers do not provide 32-bit OS options, while others may have unexpected subscription requirements. It's best to do your research ahead of time.
Application database
Obviously, the database is a critical part of any application. Customers invest heavily in database servers, and often in licenses. Moreover, given the complexity and sensitivity of your data, you may simply not want to move it right now: moving petabytes of data is not a trivial task. In any case, you should make sure that the migration methods you use are very reliable and have the ability to rollback in the event of unexpected chaos.
Most cloud providers offer migration assistance. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate these proposals before pressing the "start" button. There are also many third-party vendors providing data migration services: Attunity CloudBeam, ATADATA ATAmotion, CloudEndure Live Migration and Racemi DynaCenter.
Net
Most cloud environments do not support multicasting, so if your application relies on multicasting, think carefully.
Cost comparison
Many cloud providers have pricing calculators to help you estimate the real costs of moving to the cloud versus your ongoing costs. The calculator allows you to compare TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) so you can decide which is the best fit based on the application's current workload profiles.
Health check model
It's always a great idea to create a little proof of concept (POC) before you actually move your workload to the cloud. Such models do not solve all possible problems, but they will give you more clarity and understanding of the difficulties you may face.

Some of the things to look for during a POC include:
Performance comparison with your existing application
Difficulty levels associated with application migration
Network problems to be solved
Reliability
Cloud Provider Support Assessment
All the challenges of moving to the cloud in real time cannot be covered in one article. This text describes the main issues that need to be considered before embarking on the migration process.
See more details in my book: The Ultimate Modern Guide to Cloud Computing (https://enamulhaque.co.uk/book%3A-clo...)

A better version of this article could be found here: https://enamulhaque.co.uk/my-articles...

কুবারনেটস বনাম ডকার নিয়ে চারপাশের একটি কথোপকথনটি প্রায়শই শোনা যায়, যে, আমাকে কুবারনেটস না ডকার ব্যবহার করা উচিত? এটি আপেলর সাথে আপেল পাই'য়ের তুলনা করার মতো কারণ এটি একটি সাধারণ ভুল ধারণা যে আপনার অবশ্যই একটি বা অন্যটি বেছে নিতে হবে।

তাহলে কুবারনেটস এবং ডকারের মধ্যে পার্থক্যটা আসলেই কি?

আসল বিষয়টি হল, কুবেরনেটস এবং ডকার মূলত ভিন্ন দুটি প্রযুক্তি যা কন্টেইনারযুক্ত অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলি বিল্ডিং, বিতরণ এবং স্কেলিংয়ের সময় একসাথে ভালভাবে কাজ করে।

ডকার এবং ধারককরণের (কনটেইনার) উত্থান

ডকার হ'ল একটি ওপেন সোর্স প্রযুক্তি - এবং একটি ধারক (কনটেইনার) ফাইল ফর্ম্যাট - যা ক্লাউডে বা অন-প্রেমিসে এপ্লিকেশন ডিপ্লয়মেন্ট স্বয়ংসম্পূর্ণ করে তোলে। Docker, Inc.হচ্ছে মাইক্রোসফ্টের মতো ক্লাউড পরিষেবা সরবরাহকারীদের সহযোগিতায় লিনাক্স এবং উইন্ডোজে চালানোর জন্য ওপেনসোর্স ডকার প্রযুক্তি উদ্ভাবনকারী একটি সংস্থা।

পরিবেশকে বিচ্ছিন্ন করার ধারণাটি নতুন নয় এবং অন্যান্য ধরণের কন্টেইনারাইজেশন সফ্টওয়্যার রয়েছে, ডকার সাম্প্রতিক বছরগুলিতে ডিফল্ট ধারক বিন্যাসে পরিণত হয়েছে। ডকারে ডকার ইঞ্জিন বৈশিষ্ট্যযুক্ত যা একটি রানটাইম পরিবেশ। এটি আপনাকে যে কোনও মেশিনে কন্টেইনার তৈরি এবং চালানোর অনুমতি দেয়; তারপরে কনটেইনার রেজিস্ট্রি যেমন ডকার হাব বা অ্যাজুরি কনটেইনার রেজিস্ট্রির মাধ্যমে ধারক ইমেজগুলি স্টোর ও শেয়ার করতে সহায়তা করে।

অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলি একাধিক সার্ভার জুড়ে মোতায়েন করা একাধিক কনটেইনারে বিস্তৃত হওয়ার সাথে সাথে এগুলি পরিচালনা করা আরও জটিল হয়ে ওঠে। ডকার প্যাকেজিং এবং ধারকযুক্ত অ্যাপ্লিকেশন বিতরণের জন্য একটি মুক্ত স্ট্যান্ডার্ড সরবরাহ করে, যা সম্ভাব্য জটিলতাগুলি দ্রুত যুক্ত করতে পারে। আপনি বিভিন্ন কনটেইনারে কীভাবে সমন্বয় ও সময়সূচী করবেন? আপনার অ্যাপ্লিকেশনটিতে থাকা সমস্ত বিভিন্ন কনটেইনার কীভাবে একে অপরের সাথে কথা বলবেন? আপনি কয়েকটি কনটেইনার কীভাবে স্কেল করবেন? এখানেই কুবেরনেটস সাহায্য করতে পারে।

কুবেরনেটস এবং ধারক (কনটেইনার) অর্কেস্টেশন

কুবারনেটস ওপেন-সোর্স অর্কেস্টেশন সফ্টওয়্যার যা এই কনটেইনারে কীভাবে এবং কোথায় চলবে তা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করার জন্য একটি এপিআই সরবরাহ করে। এটি আপনাকে আপনার ডকারের কনটেইনার এবং কাজের চাপগুলি মোকাবেলা করার অনুমতি দেয় এবং একাধিক সার্ভার জুড়ে মোতায়েন একাধিক কনটেইনারে স্কেল করার সময় কয়েকটি অপারেটিং জটিলতাগুলি মোকাবেলায় আপনাকে সহায়তা করে।

কুবারনেটস কী?

কুবারনেটস আপনাকে সেই সমস্ত ভার্চুয়াল মেশিনগুলিতে তাদের উপলভ্য গণনা সংস্থান এবং প্রতিটি ধারক সংস্থানকারীর প্রয়োজনীয়তার উপর ভিত্তি করে ভার্চুয়াল মেশিনগুলির একটি ক্লাস্টার বা শিডিয়ুল কনটেইনারগুলি অর্কেস্ট্রেট করতে দেয়। ধারকগুলিকে পডে বিভক্ত করা হয়, যা হচ্ছে কুবারনেটের প্রাথমিক অপারেশন ইউনিট। এই কনটেইনার এবং পড গুলি আপনার কাঙ্ক্ষিত স্কেলিং করতে সাহায্য করে এবং আপনি আপনার অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলির লাইফ-সাইকেল চালিয়ে যাওয়ার জন্য সক্ষম হন।

কুবারনেটস এবং ডকারের মধ্যে পার্থক্য কী?

যদিও ডকারের সাথে কুবেরনেটসের তুলনা করাটা একটি কমন আস্ক, তবে আরও উপযুক্ত তুলনা হ'ল কুবারনেটস বনাম ডকার সোর্ম। ডকার সোর্ম হ'ল ডকারের অর্কেস্টেশন প্রযুক্তি যা ডকার কন্টেইনার গুলির জন্য ক্লাস্টারিংয়ের দিকে মনোনিবেশ করে- ডকার, তার নিজস্ব এপিআই ব্যবহার করে বাস্তুতন্ত্রের সাথে দৃঢ়ভাবে একীভূত হয়।

কুবেরনেটস এবং ডকারের মধ্যে একটি মৌলিক পার্থক্য হ'ল কুবারনেটস চলে একটি ক্লাস্টার জুড়ে আর ডকার একক নোডে। কুবারনেটস, ডকার সোর্মের চেয়ে আরও বিস্তৃত এবং একটি দক্ষ পদ্ধতিতে উত্পাদন স্কেলে নোডের ক্লাস্টারগুলিকে সমন্বিত করে। কুবেরনেটস পডস - সময়সূচী ইউনিট যা কুবেরনেটেস বাস্তুতন্ত্রের এক বা একাধিক কন্টেইনার ধারণ করতে পারে- এ গুলো উচ্চ প্রাপ্যতা সরবরাহের জন্য নোডগুলির মধ্যে বিতরণ করা হয়।

কুবারনেটস এবং ডকার – একসাথে আরও ভাল

কনটেইনারগুলির প্রতিশ্রুতি দেয় একবার কোড করা এবং যে কোনও জায়গায় চালানো, আর কুবারনেটস একক নিয়ন্ত্রণ থেকে আপনার সমস্ত ধারক সংস্থানকে অর্কেস্ট্রেট এবং পরিচালনা করার সম্ভাবনা সরবরাহ করে। এটি আপনার কনটেইনারে চালিত সমস্ত কুবারনেট নোড জুড়ে নেটওয়ার্কিং, লোড ব্যালেন্সিং, সুরক্ষা এবং স্কেলিংয়ে সহায়তা করে। কুবারনেটসের নাম-স্থানগুলির মতো বিল্ট-ইন বিচ্ছিন্নতা ব্যবস্থা রয়েছে, যা আপনাকে অ্যাক্সেস অনুমতি, পরিবেশ মঞ্চায়ন এবং আরও অনেক কিছু দ্বারা কনটেইনার রিসোর্সগুলিকে গ্রুপ করতে দেয়। এই নির্মাণগুলি আইটি কে ডেভলপারদের স্ব-পরিষেবা সংস্থান অ্যাক্সেস সরবরাহ করা আরও সহজ করে তোলে এবং তাদের বিকাশের পরিবেশে পুরো অ্যাপ্লিকেশনটিকে মকিং না করে এমনকি সবচেয়ে জটিল মাইক্রোসার্চেস আর্কিটেকচারেও তাদের সহযোগিতা করার অনুমতি দেয়।কনটেইনারে এবং কুবারনেটসের সাথে ডিভোপস অনুশীলনের সংমিশ্রণ মাইক্রোসার্চেস আর্কিটেকচারের একটি বেসলাইন সক্ষম করে যা ক্লাউড-নেটিভ অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলির দ্রুত ডেলিভারি এবং স্কেলযোগ্য অর্কেস্ট্রেশনকে উত্সাহ দেয়।

সংক্ষেপে যদি বলি ডকারের সাথে কুবারনেটস ব্যবহার করুন:

আপনার অবকাঠামো আরও শক্তিশালী এবং আপনার অ্যাপ্লিকেশন আরও উচ্চ প্রাপ্যতার জন্য - নোডের কিছু অফলাইনে গেলেও আপনার অ্যাপ্লিকেশন অনলাইনে থাকবে।
আপনার অ্যাপ্লিকেশন আরও স্কেলযোগ্য করার জন্য। যদি আপনার অ্যাপ্লিকেশনটি আরও অনেক বেশি লোড পেতে শুরু করে এবং আপনাকে আরও ভাল ব্যবহারকারীর অভিজ্ঞতা সরবরাহ করতে সক্ষম হতে হয় তবে আরও বেশি ধারক স্পিন করা বা আপনার কুবেরনেটস ক্লাস্টারে আরও নোড যুক্ত করা সহজ হয়।
কুবারনেটস এবং ডকার এক সাথে কাজ করে। ডকার প্যাকেজিং এবং ধারকযুক্ত অ্যাপ্লিকেশন বিতরণের জন্য একটি মুক্ত মান সরবরাহ করে। ডকার ব্যবহার করে, আপনি কনটেইনারে তৈরি করতে এবং চালাতে এবং ধারক ইমেজগুলি সঞ্চয় এবং ভাগ করতে পারেন সহজে।
আপনি সহজেই কুবেরনেটস ক্লাস্টারে একটি ডকার বিল্ড চালাতে পারেন, তবে কুবারনেটস নিজেই একটি সম্পূর্ণ সমাধান নয়। উত্পাদনে কুবারনেটসকে অনুকূল করতে, ধারাবাহিক ইন্টিগ্রেশন / অবিচ্ছিন্ন স্থাপনা (সিআই / সিডি) ওয়ার্কফ্লো এবং অন্যান্য ডেভ-অপ্স অনুশীলনের পাশাপাশি সুরক্ষা, প্রশাসন, পরিচয় এবং অ্যাক্সেস পরিচালনা করতে অতিরিক্ত সরঞ্জাম এবং পরিষেবাগুলি প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।

প্রযুক্তির বিশ্বে নিত্য নতুন পরিবর্তন হচ্ছে এবং অনেক দ্রুত গতিতে। মানুষ আগে যে কাজ করত তার অনেক কিছুই এখন মেশিন করছে। একটা সময় ছিল যখন কম্পিউটার প্রযুক্তি জগতে বিপ্লব ঘটিয়েছিল। আজকাল কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রেও তার জায়গা খুঁজে পেয়েছে, এটি শিক্ষার ক্ষেত্রই হোক,এটি ব্যবসা হোক বা মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান, কম্পিউটার সর্বত্র ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছে। কম্পিউটার তৈরির পর থেকেই এর আকার দিন দিন ছোট হচ্ছে কিন্তু বাড়ছে ক্ষমতা। আপনি মেমোরি কার্ড দিয়ে এটি অনুমান করতে পারেন। ১০ বছর আগে, মেমরি কার্ড ১ মেগা বাইট ব্যবহৃত হত আর আজ একই আকারের মেমরি কার্ডগুলি ১ টেরা বাইট পর্যন্ত হয়। কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার নামের এই অগ্রগতি নিয়ে আরও একটি গবেষণা চলছে।

কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার কী?

কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার এমন একটি মেশিন যা কোয়ান্টাম ফিজিক্সের নিয়ম ব্যবহার করে ডেটা সঞ্চয় করে এবং সম্পাদন করে। কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার সহজেই কয়েক মুহুর্তে কঠিন কাজগুলি করতে পারে, যা আমরা প্রেজেন্ট কম্পিউটারগুলির সাহায্যে করতে পারি না। আমরা কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটারকে ফিউচার কম্পিউটারও বলতে পারি, কারণ এটি আজকের কম্পিউটারগুলির চেয়ে অনেক আলাদা। এর পিছনে একটি খুব নির্দিষ্ট কারণ রয়েছে, বাইনারি ডিজিট মানে বিটগুলি কোনও গণনা করতে বা বিদ্যমান কম্পিউটারটি চালাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। আমাদের কম্পিউটারে সমস্ত তথ্য বিট আকারে রয়েছে।

বাইনারি ডিজিটগুলি মেশিন ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজে প্রোগ্রামগুলি লিখতে ব্যবহার করা হয় যার কেবল দুটি মান ০ এবং ১ রয়েছে কারণ আমাদের কম্পিউটার এই বাইনারি সংখ্যাগুলি বোঝে এবং তদনুসারে কাজটি সম্পূর্ণ করে। আমাদের কম্পিউটারগুলি ট্রানজিস্টারে সজ্জিত থাকে যা এই বাইনারি সংখ্যার ডেটাগুলিকে বৈদ্যুতিন সংকেতে রূপান্তর করে এবং সমস্ত অংশে প্রেরণ করে। যে কোনও সফ্টওয়্যার যা মেশিনে চালানোর জন্য প্রস্তুত, কম্পিউটারে লোড করার পরে, প্রসেসর এটিকে আবার মেশিন ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজে রূপান্তরিত করে। কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামটি সম্পূর্ণ করে এবং টাস্কটি সম্পূর্ণ করে।

সাধারণ কম্পিউটারে ব্যবহৃত বিটগুলির একসাথে মাত্র একটি মান থাকতে পারে যা ০ এবং ১ হয়। কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটারে বিটের পরিবর্তে কিউবিটস ব্যবহার করা হয়। কিউবিটস মান একবারে ০ এবং ১ টিরও বেশি হতে পারে। কিউবিটস একই সময়ে ৩ ধরণের মান ধরে রাখতে পারে। হয় কোনও কিউবিটসের মান ০ হবে বা এটি ১ হবে বা অন্য ০ এবং ১ একসাথে থাকতে পারে। এর অর্থ হ'ল কিউবিটের এক সাথে চারটি মান থাকতে পারে। এটি কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটারকে বিশেষভাবে গুরুত্তপূর্ণ করে তোলে। কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার সাধারণ কম্পিউটারের চেয়ে কমপ্লেক্স গণনাও করতে পারে।

কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার কীভাবে কাজ করে?

কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটারে কম্পিউটার চিপের পরিবর্তে অণু গণনার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়। বিজ্ঞানীদের কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার করার ধারণাটি তখনই আসে যখন তারা বুঝতে পারে যে পরমাণু একটি জটিল ক্যালকুলেটার। পরমাণু প্রাকৃতিকভাবে চলাফেরা করে। অ্যাটম স্পিন করার সময় এটি নীচে ওঠে এবং পরে উপরে যায়। এটি ডিজিটাল টেকনিকের সাথে খুব অনুরূপ যা ১ বা ০ তে ডেটা প্রেরণ করে। তবে পরমাণু একবারে নীচে উভয় পক্ষের হতে পারে। এজন্য বিজ্ঞানীরা এর নাম দিয়েছেন কিউবিট। ধারণা করা হচ্ছে ৪০ গিগাবাইট কম্পিউটারের গতি আজকের সুপার কম্পিউটারের তুলনায় তত বেশি হবে বা এটি যদি কম্পিউটারের গণনাগুলি এর চেয়ে আরও দ্রুত করতে সক্ষম হয়। কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটিং আজকের কোয়ান্টাম পদার্থবিজ্ঞানের উপর ভিত্তি করে তৈরি। কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটারে ব্যবহৃত কিউবিটসের এত বেশি শক্তি আছে যে তারা ০ তেও ঠান্ডা থাকে। তাদের তাপমাত্রা ০ না হলে তারা কাজ করতে পারে না। সুতরাং, কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটারের প্রোগ্রামিং খুব আলাদা, যা খুব কঠিন।

কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটারের ভবিষ্যত কী?

মানুষের কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার থেকে উচ্চ প্রত্যাশা রয়েছে। যখন থেকে একটি কম্পিউটার তৈরি হয়েছে তখন থেকেই এটি শক্তিশালী হয়ে উঠেছে। এজন্য একজনের জন্য দ্রুত কর্মক্ষম সম্পর্ণ কম্পিউটারের প্রয়োজন, তারপরে একটি শক্তিশালী কম্পিউটারের প্রয়োজন। কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার কখন তৈরি হবে তা অনুমান করা কঠিন, কারণ এখনই কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার তৈরি করা আমাদের পক্ষে সম্ভব নয়। এটি কারণ এই মুহূর্তে আমাদের কাছে এত বেশি অ্যাডভান্স সরঞ্জাম নেই। এর অ্যালগরিদম তৈরি করা এত সহজ নয়। এটি করা কঠিন এবং এটি খুব বেশি সময় নিতে পারে। এজন্য কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার তৈরি করতে কত সময় লাগতে পারে তা বলা মুশকিল। গুগল, আইবিএম, ইন্টেল সহ অনেক সংস্থাগুলিও এতে তাদের অর্থ রাখছে। বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছেন, কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার প্রযুক্তির মাধ্যমে যোগাযোগ, কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা, প্রতিরক্ষা, বিজ্ঞান, কৃষির মতো ক্ষেত্রে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরিবর্তন আনা যেতে পারে।

সুতরাং আমি আশা করি আপনি কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটার সম্পর্কে কিছু তথ্য পেয়ে গেছেন। আপনি যদি এই নিবন্ধটি পছন্দ করেন, দয়া করে মন্তব্য বাক্সে আমাকে বলুন, দয়া করে আমাকে সমর্থন করুন। আমি নিবন্ধ লিখতে খুব পরিশ্রম করি। আপনি যদি আমাকে সমর্থন করেন তবে আমি আপনার জন্য আরও ভাল নিবন্ধ আনব, এবং আমার ইউটিউব চ্যানেল সাবস্ক্রাইব করতে ভুলবেন না।

Everything has its ups and downs, and so does technology, but whether you use it for good or for bad, it depends on you. When you hear about hacking, you start thinking of something malicious or illegal. But what I am going to talk here has nothing to do with illegality; instead, this is one of the most demanding skills in the contemporary job market given the current digital business transformation to stabilise operations and secure business integrity and continuity.

Ethical hackers are also called white hat hackers, and their work can be guessed from their names. Many people think that hacking is hacking, whether it is good or bad, and also many people believe that any hacking is illegal and any hackers are cybercriminals – but this doesn't seem right. Now let's understand what is Ethical hacking.

Ethical hacking

The word "ethical" means "moral" - meaning ethical or legitimate hacking, and those who do this hacking have a policy, they don't do anything imethical. First, let's understand, what is the job of a hacker or what does he do? You see, hackers try to find fault with any system (computing/networking system) and break through the security level of the system and enter the primary system and take control.

Now, if someone tries to enter the system without permission from a network or the company whose security flaw is being sought, such hackers will be called malicious hackers or black hat hackers. Malicious hackers can usually break the rules and security of the system and cause damage to the core IT system of an organisation.

So hacking is to find out the flaws or shortcomings of a system. So what is ethical hacking? - ethical hacking is when a hacker takes permission from a system admin or software company to start checking for system errors. Even if he breaks the security of the system, he has full permission to do so, and he does not work without the consent like a malicious hacker.

An ethical hacker must respect the privacy of any company or system, and must act only with permission. After he works, it means checking the system, and if he finds any error, he must inform the company about that error and help secure the system by providing a security patch. If it finds a backdoor, it must seal it so that malicious hackers can enter it and do no harm to the system.

Moreover, he will attack the system in many ways using different techniques so that if there is any defect in the system, it will be caught in front. If a system error is not detected after a hack attack, it does not guarantee that the system is 100% secure. Because no system is 100% secure, it is essential to have regular security checks.

The demand for ethical hackers

In fact, the demand for ethical hackers or white hat hackers has increased a lot in the last few years. As the world becomes more digital, so does computing and networking; And with that comes increasing security risks, and the ethical hackers needed to mitigate these risks.

Now suppose a malicious hacker came and hacked the GCSE result database of UK government, or hacked the online train ticketing system and started booking tickets as they wished, thus harming both the government and the people of the country. Ethical hackers look into every system and attack the system just like a malicious hacker. If they find a problem, they fix it or report the issue to the company or government so that it can be resolved as soon as possible.

Let's take an example to understand the requirements and importance of an ethical hacker on the whole subject. Suppose a king of a region builds a royal palace to live in and to complete all the work of the kingdom while sitting there. Now he must secure the palace through various security measures.

Because the palace may be attacked at any time, it will have a lot of resources, a lot of paperwork that is very necessary. Now suppose the king erected massive walls to secure his palace and appointed innumerable guards. Now the enemy will not be able to attack easily or with a swollen chest, because the security is very tight.

So what will they do; they will try to find faults in the walls of the palace or will try to enter from the side where the guard is less. Now the king may have erected the wall firmly, but the king has forgotten that there was an old sloping door on one side, and the attack may come from that side. So even with such tight security, it will not be of any use. Now suppose the king hires a person or a group of people who will do the security check, they will go around the palace like the enemy and try to find the old or weak wall, or when any guard is asleep, they will run security defeats, and as soon as the problem is found he will take action and the king will be informed.

As a result, the chances of the enemy attacking and entering the palace will be significantly reduced. So that particular person or group in this story is the ethical hacker. No matter how many security measures a system has, it is crucial to check it regularly.

There is a lot of demand for a good ethical hacker, a company can save millions or billions of dollars. Malicious hackers also work to find system errors, but they do this without informing the system admin or the company, and if they find errors, they start damaging the system.

And to avoid these black hats, IT companies look for good white hats and hire them at very high salaries according to their skills. And if you can be a Certified Ethical Hacker, your annual salary can be up to $132,322.1 depending on the company and your skills (source; Infosecinstitute.Com ).

How to start a career in ethical hacking?

For those who are already studying IT or computer science, the matter is much easier. If you are studying, finish your studies first and try to get a job in IT, no matter how low paid the job is because your target is to get on track for an IT career.

Then you can work in cybersecurity or IT in police or military if you want, it will increase your work skills a lot. You can do different courses on networking and get various certificates. The procedure can be matured with network support and admin role.

Now you will need some security certificates, and you can get it again by completing some courses. After passing all the above steps, you will finally have to join the International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultant Program, and by passing the exam, you will become a Certified Ethical Hacker.

But even if you haven't studied computer science, it's still possible if you want to build your own career in ethical hacking. You can make a lot of money and a promising career by working as a freelance ethical hacker.

Once you become a Certified Ethical Hacker, your value in the market will be different. You can do it as a permanent job or as a freelancer if you want.

Computing knowledge

To be a hacker, you must be proficient in networking. Must have a good idea about all popular computer operating systems and specialisation on Unix / Linux. It is essential to have a good understanding of the various aspects of Linux and their commands. As well as some programming languages ​​such as; C, Java, Perl etc. and good database knowledge is essential.

Another thing to keep in mind is that hacking requires technical expertise and smart personality. In addition to having technical knowledge, you need to be energetic, can build relationships quickly with people, have the ability to solve problems quickly, and have the ability to trick people. If you have the power to get your work done by talking to someone, you will be considered a 50% hacker. Because it is much easier to deceive people sitting in a system than to hack a system with pure technical knowledge, and in the language of hacking it is called social engineering.

But if you want to be an ethical hacker, you must be honest. After finding fault with a malicious hacker, he should not be abused for the sake of money. You must have full authorised access to a network before you can access it.

Getting involved in ethical activities or having black hat thoughts can ruin your career, so be very careful. Ordinary people look down on hacking, so you have to be 100% honest.

You should not engage in any unethical activities even before starting your career, because the company will check your background before giving you a job. So from the moment you decide you want to be an ethical hacker, you have to start living an honest life.