Mariel Grey's Blog - Posts Tagged "regency"
All Things French. In England?
A reviewer for my newest book, A Gentleman’s Surrender, posed a fair question which made me think to post this article.
***Spoiler***
It is revealed later in the book that my heroine, Monique, was born in France before the war with England began in 1793. The reviewer wondered why people in England would not have questioned the French spelling of my heroine’s name, which in English, would typically be spelled as “Monica.” The reason, as I will now explain, is that the English nobility were enamored with all things French.
***End Spoiler***
The French have long been noted for their stylish flair, and that was true even during the Regency period of England (the corresponding time in France is referred to as the Empire period). The aristocracy’s obsession with French culture and art during the Regency is evident even in the French words by which the fashionable referred to themselves. The terms, the ton, bon ton, haute ton, or beau monde, are synonymous with Society during the Regency. I should point out, however, that this love of French culture did not necessarily extend to the common folk, whose anti-French sentiment probably stemmed from the nobility’s very love for it.
Fashionable young gentleman embarked upon a Grand Tour to see the world and experience other cultures before settling down, and their experiences doubtless added to this obsession. Paris was one of, if not the, most popular destinations until war was declared. Though trips to France were halted during wartime, they quickly resumed once peace prevailed. Speaking French fluently as a second language was practically a requirement among the nobility, unless, Heaven forbid, you be castigated as unpolished or uneducated. You have to think it was something of a paradox that business might be conducted in the tongue of the enemy.
And all of those marvelous French wines and champagnes! Bordeaux (or claret) and burgundy. Hermitage from the Rhône region south of Lyon. The wonderful wines from the Champagne region of France. Cognac and other fine French brandies. French cigars for the men to enjoy with their brandy. All luxuries the well heeled enjoyed. And all from France.
For the upper crust, what lady didn’t crave beautiful silk from Lyons, or delicate lace from Alencon, Arras, Dieppe and Le Puy? Women’s styles were influenced by France and by 1802, all women in vogue were wearing what we would call the Empire style gown (as in French Empire) made popular by Marie Antoinette. The cravats dandies like Beau Brummell wore had their origins in 17th century France.
Even French furniture was desirable. George IV, the Prince Regent, redesigned the Carlton House to showcase his enormous collection of fine French furnishings, which was rather contradictory since England was at war with France.
Are you seeing a trend here? English society adored everything French. So what happened when a war broke out and the beloved items were banned from being imported? Why, it gave rise to a huge industry of smuggling. The upper class wasn’t about let a little thing like a war deprive them of their indulgences! The topic of war time smuggling could consume numerous posts, but with France beckoning just across the English Channel, you can imagine.
During a brief period of peace under the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, the English Channel was overrun with people heading to Paris to legally purchase all the French items they coveted. Charles James Fox, a Whig leader, together with a group of people which included the Duchess of Devonshire, were the first to arrive in France after the peace (which only lasted about 14 months). Lady Conyngham, the later mistress of George IV, was toasted as the most beautiful woman in Paris at the time. Being presented at Court to Napoleon was all the rage, even though the ink had barely dried on the treaty!
So, the bottom line is, all things French were fine and dandy during the Regency, never mind there that they were at war with France. A bit ironic.
***Spoiler***
It is revealed later in the book that my heroine, Monique, was born in France before the war with England began in 1793. The reviewer wondered why people in England would not have questioned the French spelling of my heroine’s name, which in English, would typically be spelled as “Monica.” The reason, as I will now explain, is that the English nobility were enamored with all things French.
***End Spoiler***
The French have long been noted for their stylish flair, and that was true even during the Regency period of England (the corresponding time in France is referred to as the Empire period). The aristocracy’s obsession with French culture and art during the Regency is evident even in the French words by which the fashionable referred to themselves. The terms, the ton, bon ton, haute ton, or beau monde, are synonymous with Society during the Regency. I should point out, however, that this love of French culture did not necessarily extend to the common folk, whose anti-French sentiment probably stemmed from the nobility’s very love for it.
Fashionable young gentleman embarked upon a Grand Tour to see the world and experience other cultures before settling down, and their experiences doubtless added to this obsession. Paris was one of, if not the, most popular destinations until war was declared. Though trips to France were halted during wartime, they quickly resumed once peace prevailed. Speaking French fluently as a second language was practically a requirement among the nobility, unless, Heaven forbid, you be castigated as unpolished or uneducated. You have to think it was something of a paradox that business might be conducted in the tongue of the enemy.
And all of those marvelous French wines and champagnes! Bordeaux (or claret) and burgundy. Hermitage from the Rhône region south of Lyon. The wonderful wines from the Champagne region of France. Cognac and other fine French brandies. French cigars for the men to enjoy with their brandy. All luxuries the well heeled enjoyed. And all from France.
For the upper crust, what lady didn’t crave beautiful silk from Lyons, or delicate lace from Alencon, Arras, Dieppe and Le Puy? Women’s styles were influenced by France and by 1802, all women in vogue were wearing what we would call the Empire style gown (as in French Empire) made popular by Marie Antoinette. The cravats dandies like Beau Brummell wore had their origins in 17th century France.
Even French furniture was desirable. George IV, the Prince Regent, redesigned the Carlton House to showcase his enormous collection of fine French furnishings, which was rather contradictory since England was at war with France.
Are you seeing a trend here? English society adored everything French. So what happened when a war broke out and the beloved items were banned from being imported? Why, it gave rise to a huge industry of smuggling. The upper class wasn’t about let a little thing like a war deprive them of their indulgences! The topic of war time smuggling could consume numerous posts, but with France beckoning just across the English Channel, you can imagine.
During a brief period of peace under the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, the English Channel was overrun with people heading to Paris to legally purchase all the French items they coveted. Charles James Fox, a Whig leader, together with a group of people which included the Duchess of Devonshire, were the first to arrive in France after the peace (which only lasted about 14 months). Lady Conyngham, the later mistress of George IV, was toasted as the most beautiful woman in Paris at the time. Being presented at Court to Napoleon was all the rage, even though the ink had barely dried on the treaty!
So, the bottom line is, all things French were fine and dandy during the Regency, never mind there that they were at war with France. A bit ironic.
Does your garden grow with fire balloons and tightrope walkers all in a row?
Pleasure Garden. Has a nice ring doesn’t it? I’ve seen it stated that pleasure gardens were developed in England centuries ago. As is often the case, there are contradictions in historical accounts and other sources claim they have existed since the time of the Romans.
Whatever the case is for when they originated, these gardens were a huge attraction during the English Regency period, as they are even today. As the name implies, these types of gardens are generally open to the public and are created to serve both as a place to enjoy natural wonders and beauty, as well as to serve as a host for entertainment. These locales often feature promenades and bandstands, boat rides and concerts, zoological attractions and water parks, and pretty much whatever else you can think of.
With that in mind I suppose you could say that Busch Gardens here in Florida is essentially a pleasure garden. It incorporates entertainment into a garden/aquarium and zoological setting with emphasis on tropical foliage. Cypress Gardens could also be deemed another such place whose gentle, more old fashioned entertainment fell victim to changing times and became Legoland several years ago. While the entertainment area of the new Legoland park has been revamped, the botanical gardens have been preserved. So, it too remains a form of a pleasure garden in that respect.
During the Regency, England had a number of large pleasure gardens, the most famous being Vauxhall Gardens, followed by Ranelagh Gardens. I use Vauxhall as a setting in my book, A Gentleman’s Surrender, as do many authors in their historical works, because it was a prominent source of recreation for all classes of people during that time period and boasts such diverse settings. Musical concerts and fireworks demonstrations were staples, and thousands flocked to see these exhibitions, creating a wonderful backdrop for stories.
The venue was graced with beautiful paths, pavilions, statuary, and artworks by preeminent artists of the time. If the structures within Vauxhall Gardens were at all reminiscent of the many illustrations which depict them, the architecture alone was stunning. The events held there were major productions (think old studio movies with a “cast of thousands”), an example being when in 1827, the Battle of Waterloo was re-enacted with a cast of nearly one thousand soldiers. As the title of the post mentions, there were even acrobats and tightrope walkers and fire balloons, oh my!
By the way, what are fire balloons? I’m so glad you asked. They were essentially hot air balloons filled with fireworks designed to carry the display high off the ground. So, now you’ll know.
If you are interested in more information on these enchanting gardens, while there are many, many sources, I would suggest you start at the link below and go from there.
http://vauxhallgardens.com/
Whatever the case is for when they originated, these gardens were a huge attraction during the English Regency period, as they are even today. As the name implies, these types of gardens are generally open to the public and are created to serve both as a place to enjoy natural wonders and beauty, as well as to serve as a host for entertainment. These locales often feature promenades and bandstands, boat rides and concerts, zoological attractions and water parks, and pretty much whatever else you can think of.
With that in mind I suppose you could say that Busch Gardens here in Florida is essentially a pleasure garden. It incorporates entertainment into a garden/aquarium and zoological setting with emphasis on tropical foliage. Cypress Gardens could also be deemed another such place whose gentle, more old fashioned entertainment fell victim to changing times and became Legoland several years ago. While the entertainment area of the new Legoland park has been revamped, the botanical gardens have been preserved. So, it too remains a form of a pleasure garden in that respect.
During the Regency, England had a number of large pleasure gardens, the most famous being Vauxhall Gardens, followed by Ranelagh Gardens. I use Vauxhall as a setting in my book, A Gentleman’s Surrender, as do many authors in their historical works, because it was a prominent source of recreation for all classes of people during that time period and boasts such diverse settings. Musical concerts and fireworks demonstrations were staples, and thousands flocked to see these exhibitions, creating a wonderful backdrop for stories.
The venue was graced with beautiful paths, pavilions, statuary, and artworks by preeminent artists of the time. If the structures within Vauxhall Gardens were at all reminiscent of the many illustrations which depict them, the architecture alone was stunning. The events held there were major productions (think old studio movies with a “cast of thousands”), an example being when in 1827, the Battle of Waterloo was re-enacted with a cast of nearly one thousand soldiers. As the title of the post mentions, there were even acrobats and tightrope walkers and fire balloons, oh my!
By the way, what are fire balloons? I’m so glad you asked. They were essentially hot air balloons filled with fireworks designed to carry the display high off the ground. So, now you’ll know.
If you are interested in more information on these enchanting gardens, while there are many, many sources, I would suggest you start at the link below and go from there.
http://vauxhallgardens.com/
Just naming it was a three ring circus!
During the Regency, Philip Astley and Astley’s Amphitheatre were household names. Philip Astley began his career as a regimental rough rider, but wanted to earn his living as a riding instructor and find a way to showcase his talent for trick riding. In 1781, he opened his first exhibition theatre, the Amphitheatre of Arts, to demonstrate his riding abilities. The name was later changed to The Royal Grove, and then again to the Amphitheatre of Arts. Regardless of what the actual name was at any given time, the public generally referred to his establishment as Astley’s Amphitheatre. Even the advertisements of the day referred to it as such, and that is the name by which it is best remembered today.
Philip Astley was by no means the only equestrian to have offered this type of entertainment during this era. What set him apart, however, aside from his extraordinary talent, was the fact that he began performing his acrobatic riding in a circular arena. Prior to that time, these types of shows had been performed by riding in a straight line. The circular stage not only allowed him to use centrifugal force to perform better, it also allowed the audience to see better.
As time went on, Astley added other acts, such as additional riders, dancing dogs, tightrope walkers, jugglers, tumblers, clowns, etc., combining them in one show. Prior to this time, these types of entertainment had typically been performed as separate shows. The changes made by Astley in utilizing the circular ring and combining these various performances laid the foundation for the modern day circus.
In addition to the ring, the theater boasted a large stage which Astley made full use of. He was known for his extravagant shows, especially reenactments of military battles. The large space allowed him to use hundreds of soldiers, horses and cannons with large explosions, creating a sense of realism. One of these shows, The Battle of the Alma, makes an appearance in the second book of my Surrender series, A Gentleman’s Surrender. His son continued the venue after Philip Astley’s death in 1814 and the shows were popular into the Victorian Age when a fire destroyed the theater.
Philip Astley was by no means the only equestrian to have offered this type of entertainment during this era. What set him apart, however, aside from his extraordinary talent, was the fact that he began performing his acrobatic riding in a circular arena. Prior to that time, these types of shows had been performed by riding in a straight line. The circular stage not only allowed him to use centrifugal force to perform better, it also allowed the audience to see better.
As time went on, Astley added other acts, such as additional riders, dancing dogs, tightrope walkers, jugglers, tumblers, clowns, etc., combining them in one show. Prior to this time, these types of entertainment had typically been performed as separate shows. The changes made by Astley in utilizing the circular ring and combining these various performances laid the foundation for the modern day circus.
In addition to the ring, the theater boasted a large stage which Astley made full use of. He was known for his extravagant shows, especially reenactments of military battles. The large space allowed him to use hundreds of soldiers, horses and cannons with large explosions, creating a sense of realism. One of these shows, The Battle of the Alma, makes an appearance in the second book of my Surrender series, A Gentleman’s Surrender. His son continued the venue after Philip Astley’s death in 1814 and the shows were popular into the Victorian Age when a fire destroyed the theater.
The big dipper meant sun and fun in the Regency
Long summer days make most people want to head to the coast to dig their toes in soft sand and luxuriate in calming breezes and refreshing seawater. Things were no different during the Regency. Then, just like now, people fled to seaside resorts to escape the heat.
One of the most popular coastal resorts during the Regency was the town of Brighton. Brighton’s transformation from a struggling fishing village to a fashionable seaside resort began in 1750 with the publication of .Dissertation in the Use of Seawater in the Diseases of the Gland by Dr Richard Russell. After the book was published, people began to flock to Brighton for the perceived health benefits of the seawater, which led to the development of the town. It was during this phase that George, Prince of Wales, visited and became taken with Brighton (more on this in my next post).
Going to the beach was a bit different during that time. The opposite sex did not swim together, but rather had separate swimming areas. They entered the water in bathing machines, which were essentially wooden wagons with wheels which were drawn into the water by horses or bathing attendants. Men and women could change into their bathing costumes inside the wagons, though some people chose to swim in the nude since their fellow swimmers were of the same sex.
Once in the water, people employed as bathing attendants would push swimmers through the waves, help them float, and later assist them in returning to the bathing machines. Many of the swimmers, particularly ladies, probably could not swim. It’s interesting to note that men “bathed” while women “dipped.” Accordingly, the male attendants were called “bathers” and the female attendants were referred to as “dippers."
Brighton’s most famous dipper (known as the Venerable Priestess of the Bath) was a woman by the name of Martha Gunn. She was a large, robust women who helped ladies dip from 1750 until 1814 when she retired due to heath issues. She was so well known and beloved, that the Prince of Wales allowed her free access to the kitchens at the Royal Pavilion, among other privileges.
Martha Gunn passed away in 1815 at the age of 88 years. She is buried with her husband in St. Nicholas’s Churchyard.
One of the most popular coastal resorts during the Regency was the town of Brighton. Brighton’s transformation from a struggling fishing village to a fashionable seaside resort began in 1750 with the publication of .Dissertation in the Use of Seawater in the Diseases of the Gland by Dr Richard Russell. After the book was published, people began to flock to Brighton for the perceived health benefits of the seawater, which led to the development of the town. It was during this phase that George, Prince of Wales, visited and became taken with Brighton (more on this in my next post).
Going to the beach was a bit different during that time. The opposite sex did not swim together, but rather had separate swimming areas. They entered the water in bathing machines, which were essentially wooden wagons with wheels which were drawn into the water by horses or bathing attendants. Men and women could change into their bathing costumes inside the wagons, though some people chose to swim in the nude since their fellow swimmers were of the same sex.
Once in the water, people employed as bathing attendants would push swimmers through the waves, help them float, and later assist them in returning to the bathing machines. Many of the swimmers, particularly ladies, probably could not swim. It’s interesting to note that men “bathed” while women “dipped.” Accordingly, the male attendants were called “bathers” and the female attendants were referred to as “dippers."
Brighton’s most famous dipper (known as the Venerable Priestess of the Bath) was a woman by the name of Martha Gunn. She was a large, robust women who helped ladies dip from 1750 until 1814 when she retired due to heath issues. She was so well known and beloved, that the Prince of Wales allowed her free access to the kitchens at the Royal Pavilion, among other privileges.
Martha Gunn passed away in 1815 at the age of 88 years. She is buried with her husband in St. Nicholas’s Churchyard.
