Complex trauma (C-PTSD) describes exposure to multiple traumatic events and the long-term impact of this exposure. It is therefore not surprising that children who were the target of family scapegoating abuse (FSA) are often suffering from undiagnosed and untreated complex trauma today…

Complex trauma (which is sometimes interchanged with terms such as C-PTSD, complex relational trauma, developmental trauma, and interpersonal trauma) is a relative...